数字全息作为一种干涉成像方式, 能够准确记录物体的相位信息, 具有快速、无损、三维成像等优势, 被广泛应用于生物成像与材料科学等领域。与其他光学成像方式相同, 数字全息也面临分辨率与成像视场互为限制而导致空间带宽积受限的问题。研究人员提出了计算照明、计算调制与计算探测等方法, 通过牺牲成像系统的时间、偏振等自由度来扩展其空间带宽积。文中分析了光学系统信息承载能力的理论基础, 总结了近年来大视场高分辨率的数字全息成像技术, 介绍了倾斜照明、结构光照明、随机调制照明、多位置综合孔径探测和像素超分辨等方法实现分辨率增强, 以及基于角度复用的视场扩展的原理及具体实现, 对不同方法进行了比较和分析, 并对提高分辨率以及扩大视场的途径进行了展望。

As an interference imaging method, digital holography (DH) can accurately record the phase information of objects, and has the advantages of fast, non-destructive and three-dimensional imaging. It is widely used in the field of biological imaging and materials science. Like other optical imaging methods, DH also faces the problem that the resolution and the field of view(FOV) are mutually constrained, resulting in limited spatial bandwidth product(SBP). To solve this problem, researchers proposed methods such as computational illumination, computational modulation, and computational probing to extend SBP by sacrificing other degrees of freedom(such as time and polarization) of the imaging system. This paper firstly reviews the theoretical analysis of information capacity of an optical system. On this basis, we systematically summarize the high-resolution and large-FOV digital holographic imaging technology in recent years, introduce the principle and implementation of oblique illumination, structured illumination, random modulation illumination, multi-position synthetic aperture and pixel super-resolution method for resolution enhancement, and angle multiplexing method for FOV extension, and make a comparative study. The potential ways to improve resolution and expand FOV are also prospected.