为了实现单台光电经纬仪对空中目标的速度测量,通过地面单站对空中运动目标的方位、俯仰和距离等位置参数进行测量,从测速方法、数学模型建立、仿真及误差分析等方面开展了研究,提出了一种基于光电经纬仪单站测距测角的空中目标测速方法,着重分析了测量距离、测距精度、测角精度、目标飞行高度以及目标侵入角度等参数对测速结果的影响。结果表明,目标距离越远,飞行高度越高,测速误差越大;对于相同高度、距离的目标,侵入角不同,测速误差也不同,其中,迎头或90°测速误差最小,侧向30°~70°之间达到最大。最后对某无人机的飞行速度进行了外场实测,在距离2 km~22 km处的目标速度测试过程中,测速误差范围为3%~16%。

Through measuring the airborne target location parameters such as azimuth angle, pitching angle and distance by the ground single station, this paper focused on the study of the principle and mathematical model of velocity measurement, simulation and error analysis. A method of velocity measurement for airborne target was put forward based on the data from the ground single station, which emphatically analyses the effect of distance, ranging accuracy, angle accuracy, flight altitude and invasion angle to the velocity measurement. The simulation results showed the velocity measurement error increased with increasing of the distance and flight altitude of target. In the same measurement condition of the same distance and flight altitude, the measurement error was the minimum at 0° and 90° of invasion angle, and the maximum error in about 30°~70° of invasion angle. After the field test verification, the velocity measurement error of an aircraft was 3%~16% at the distance of 2 km~22 km.