量子密钥分发利用量子力学特性来保证通信安全,它使通信的双方能够产生 并分享一个随机的、安全的密钥,用于对传输数据进行加解密。测量设备无关量子密钥分发(MDI-QKD)是量子密钥 分发(QKD)的重要组成部分,能够解决QKD 协议中因为测量设备引起的安全漏洞,在保证协议安全性的同时延长通信 距离。分析了量子网络中量子隐形传态原理,针对MDI-QKD协议的特殊性,提出将量子隐形传态应用到MDI-QKD协议中。 该协议将Alice制备的量子态在量子网络中通过隐形传态的方式传送给David, 然后David与通信的另一方Bob一起运行 MDI-QKD协议。阐述了基于量子隐形传态的MDI-QKD协议的实现流程,并引入了量子态的保真度参数,对MDI-QKD协议的 密钥率进行了分析。仿真实验表明量子隐形传态对MDI-QKD协议的增益效果十分明显,可以大幅度延长密钥的安全传输 距离,保证了安全协议对测量设备的不依赖性,有效避免了QKD系统中测量器端的所有攻击。

Quantum key distribution uses quantum mechanical properties to ensure communication security. It enables both sides of the communication to generate and share a random, secure key for encrypting and decrypting the transmitted data. Measurement device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is an important part of quantum key distribution (QKD). It can solve the security vulnerabilities caused by measurement devices in QKD protocol and extend the communication distance while guaranteeing the security of the protocol. The principle of quantum teleportation in quantum networks is analyzed. According to the particularity of MDI-QKD protocol, quantum teleportation is applied to MDI-QKD protocol. The protocol transmits the quantum states prepared by Alice to David via teleportation in quantum networks, and then David and the other side of communication, Bob, run the MDI-QKD protocol together. The realization flow of MDI-QKD protocol based on quantum teleportation is described and the fidelity parameter of quantum state is introduced. The key rate of MDI-QKD protocol is analyzed. Simulation results show the gain effect of quantum teleportation on MDI-QKD protocol is very obvious, which can greatly extend the secure transmission distance of the key and ensure that the security protocol does not depend on the measuring equipment. All attacks on the measurement side of QKD system are effectively avoided.