星载气辉成像干涉仪采用临边观测模式, 可以获取全球范围内大气风场的空间分布信息及时间演化信息, 是国际卫星遥感领域的研究热点。基于O3辐射源的Michelson星载成像干涉仪在红外波段工作, 能够全天时探测平流层区域的大气风场, 却存在更为复杂的测风不确定度。鉴于此, 在临边观测正演仿真的基础上, 开展了仪器热背景辐射研究及测量噪声分析, 给出了大气信号测量噪声及仪器热背景噪声引起的大气风场速度误差数值, 并通过表观量仿真及信噪比分析, 得到了视向风的误差廓线。不确定度分析表明, 基于O3辐射源的Michelson成像干涉仪在星载条件下可全天时探测15~45 km范围内的大气风场, 反演精度优于1~2 m/s。该研究为基于红外辐射源的大气风场测量提供了重要的理论指导。同时对红外Michelson成像干涉仪的研制具有重大的工程意义和实践价值。

The onboard airglow imaging interferometer can obtain the spatial distribution and temporal evolution information of the global atmospheric wind by using the limb-viewing mode, which makes it a research hotspot in the field of international satellite remote sensing. The O3 radiation source based Michelson onboard imaging interferometer can detect the atmospheric wind field in the stratosphere region through all-day. But there is more complex wind uncertainty because of working in the infrared band. Therefore, on the basis of limb-viewing forward simulation, the instrumental thermal background signal was studied, the measurement noise was analyzed, the atmospheric wind error caused by the measurement noise of atmospheric signal and the instrument thermal background noise was given, and error profile of line-of-sight wind was obtained by apparent quantities simulation and signal-to-noise ratio analysis. The uncertainty analysis shows that the O3 radiation source based Michelson imaging interferometer can detect atmospheric wind in the range of 15-45 km onboard through all-day, and the inversion accuracy is better than 1-2 m/s. This research provides important theoretical guidance for atmospheric wind measurement based on infrared radiation source. At the same time, it has great engineering significance and practical value for the development of infrared Michelson imaging interferometer.