地面引力波探测由于受到地表振动、重力梯度等噪声以及试验尺度的限制, 探测频段被限制在10Hz以上, 而对于更大特征质量和尺度的波源, 探测频段主要在中低频段(01 mHz～1 Hz)。因此, 为避免地面干扰, 需要在空间进行探测。由于引力波信号微弱, 探测精度极高, 针对空间引力波探测, 国际上提出了以LISA为代表的空间引力波探测计划, 国内中国科学院也提出了太极计划。然而, 国内外的引力波探测卫星计划, 对卫星的技术指标、设计复杂性和成本均提出了极高要求, 短期之内难以实现。针对这一现实情况, 本文参考LISA pathfinder的设计思路, 设计一颗近地低成本商业卫星, 针对引力波探测关键技术的验证需求, 进行卫星任务需求分析及结构、热控、姿态控制等关键技术分析, 提出商业化的低成本技术验证初步设想, 希望能对空间引力波探测卫星总体设计提供一定借鉴。

Detecting gravitational waves on ground was limited by the noises such as surface vibration, gravity gradient and the test scale. The detection frequency band is limited to more than 10 Hz while the detection frequency band is mainly in the middle and low frequency band(01 mHz~1 Hz) for wave sources with larger feature quality and scale. So in order to avoid ground interference, detection from space is inevitably necessary. As gravitational wave signals are extremely weak and their required detection accuracy is extremely high, space gravitational wave detection projects represented by LISA was proposed by ESA and Taiji was proposed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. However, both domestic and foreign proposed projects had extremely high requirements for satellite technical indicators, design complexity and cost. They were hard to achieve in the short term. This paper refers to the design of LISA pathfinder, designs a near-field low-cost commercial satellite for the verification requirements of gravitational wave detection key technologies, analyzes the satellite mission design and proposes ways to verify its structure, thermal and attitude control technologies. In this paper, a preliminary idea of commercial low-cost technology verification was proposed to provide reference for the design of space gravitational wave detection satellites.