针对当前量子随机数产生技术无法满足通信领域中安全性和高速率的问题, 文章提出了一种基于测量光场真空起伏产生量子真随机数的实验方案。与以往报道的实验方案所不同, 文章理论分析,量子随机数生成系统中量子正交分量测量中本底光增益对原始随机数中相对量子熵含量的影响, 在经典噪声完全被窃听方控制的最差情况假定下, 采用量子条件最小熵量化评估原始随机数的随机性。基于理论分析实验中通过相对增强本底光强的同时控制电子学增益, 经典电子噪声独立地放大真空噪声分量起伏, 提高了系统中量子噪声引入的最小熵含量, 同时, 基于真空量子噪声是宽带高斯白噪声, 有效提升频带提取带宽, 提高量子熵源的利用率,在提高量子随机数生成系统安全性的同时提高了量子随机数的产生速率。实验结果表明, 基于安全性信息论可证明的托普利茨-哈希(Toeplitz-hash)提取器, 实现了6.7 Gbit/s 的量子随机数产生, 同时利用 Nist、Diehard 和 TestU01-SmallCrush 3种随机数标准测试验证了该方案下生成的量子随机数的真随机性, 为真空量子随机数发生器产生速率的提高提供了新的途径。

Aiming at the problem that the current quantum random number generation technology can not meet the safety and high rate requirement in the communication field, we propose an experimental scheme based on measuring the vacuum fluctuations of the light field to produce quantum true random numbers in this paper. Different from the experimental schemes reported in the past, we theoretically analyze the influence of the gain of the local oscillator on the relative quantum entropy content of the original random numbers in the quantum orthogonal component measurement of quantum random number generation system. The quantum condition minimum entropy is used to quantify the randomness of the original random numbers under the worst case assumption that the classical noise is completely controlled by the eavesdropper. Based on the theoretical analysis, the vacuum noise fluctuations are experimentally amplified by relatively increasing the local oscillator intensity while controlling the electronic gain and the classical electronic noise. The minimum entropy content introduced by the quantum noise in the system is improved. At the same time, the vacuum quantum noise is broadband Gaussian white noise, which effectively increases the bandwidth of extractor frequency-band, as well as the utilization rate of quantum entropy source and the security of the quantum random number generation system while increasing the rate of quantum random number generation. The results show that the Toeplitz-hash extractor based on the security information theory is provable. The quantum random number generation of 6.7Gbit/s is realized. The three standard tests for random numbers of Nist, Diehard and TestU01-SmallCrush are used to verify the true randomness of the quantum random numbers generated in this scheme, which provides a new way to increase the rate of generation of vacuum quantum random number generators.