景德镇宋代以生产青白瓷而闻名, 其中湖田窑又是景德镇宋代窑址中最典型的一处, 其生产的青白瓷精巧细致, 有“假玉器”和“饶玉”之称。 研究采用能量色散X荧光光谱分析仪和色差计, 分析了湖田窑宋代青白瓷的胎、 釉化学组成和色度值, 初步探讨了不同时期青白瓷的组成、 配方和呈色特征。 研究表明, 湖田窑北宋和南宋青白瓷胎体组成特征基本一致, 均与当地瓷石原料较为接近, 极有可能采用了附近的三宝瓷石原料制胎。 瓷釉组成结果显示釉中含有较高的CaO和一定量的MnO和P2O5, 表明湖田窑青白瓷釉为“钙釉”, 且釉料配方中引入了一定量的草木灰。 色度分析结果显示, 湖田窑北宋和南宋青白瓷釉主波长分别为500和496 nm左右, 均落在可见光波的绿色波段。 但对比北宋和南宋瓷釉组成和色度结果发现, 北宋青白瓷釉无论是组成还是色度数据结果均较南宋更为分散, 且南宋青白瓷釉层呈色相较北宋样品b值更小, 釉色更为偏蓝。 研究认为, 湖田窑青白瓷从北宋至南宋, 釉料配方经历了从探索逐渐走向成熟、 稳定的过程。 研究结果不仅为景德镇湖田窑青白瓷的断源断代提供了数据支撑, 也为湖田窑青白瓷制瓷技艺的传承和传播提供了一定的科学素材。

Jingdezhen is famous for producing bluish white porcelain in the Song Dynasty, and Hutian kiln is one of the main production sites of the time. The bluish white porcelain produced by Hutian kiln is exquisite and beautiful, and it is known as “false jade ware” and “Rao jade (Jingdezhen belonged to Raozhou government in ancient times)”. Chemical composition and colorimetric characteristics of glaze and body of Southern Song and Northern Song Jingdezhen Hutian kiln’s bluish white porcelain were analyzed by EDXRF and colorimeter in this study. The result shows that the body chemical compositions of Hutian kiln’s bluish white porcelain are basically the same in the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties, which are similar to local porcelain stones, such as the kind from Sanbo near Hutian kiln. The composition of glaze shows that it contains high CaO and a certain amount of MnO and P2O5, indicating that the glaze of Hutian kiln is “calcium glaze”, and a certain amount of plant ash is included in the glaze recipe. The result of colorimetric analysis shows that the main wavelengths reflected by Northern Song and Southern Song bluish white glaze are 500 and 496 nm respectively, and they belong to the green band of visible light. The glaze chemical composition and colorimetric data of Northern Song bluish white are more dispersed, and the Southern Song glaze has a smaller b value and bluer color. The study concluded that the glaze formulation of Hutian kiln bluish white porcelain went through a process from exploration to maturity and stability from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty. The research results not only provide data support for the dating of bluish white porcelain in Hutian Kiln of Jingdezhen, but also provide scientific materials for the inheritance and dissemination of the techniques of making it.