鉴于输电设施污秽、裂化等问题引起的放电故障一直威胁着输电网的安全, 本文对放电紫外探测技术进行了研究, 使用光电倍增管(PMT)作为探测器设计放电紫外探测方案, 提出一种无人机巡检电力线放电的紫外探测及定位方法。通过舵机的摆动带动PMT进行多角度探测, 记录当前的探测位置和探测角度, 利用测向交叉定位法求解得到放电点的初步定位坐标; 为了精确定位放电点, 对n组数据进行求解得到n(n-1)/2个放电点的初步定位坐标, 剔除放电点的初步定位坐标中的异常点后, 导入到K-means聚类算法中进行二次解算得到放电点的精确坐标。通过实验测试了PMT探测角度与放电紫外信号的关系, 选取θ=90°作为舵机的摆动角度, 实验结果表明, 18 m, 30 m和50 m的放电巡检中, 放电点的定位误差均在9.0%以内。该方法能够在无人机巡检电力线时满足放电点快速定位的需求。

As discharge failures caused by problems such as pollution and cracking of transmission facilities have constantly threatened the safety of the transmission network, in this paper, discharge ultraviolet detection technology was first studied. Then, the Photomultiplier Tube (PMT) was used as the detector to design the discharge ultraviolet detection scheme. An ultraviolet detection and localization method for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) inspection of power line discharge was proposed. The PMT was driven by the steering of the steering gear to perform multi-angle detection, the current detection position and detection angle were recorded, and the preliminary positioning coordinates of the discharge point were obtained using the direction-finding cross-positioning method. In order to accurately locate the discharge point, n sets of data were solved to obtain the preliminary positioning coordinates of n(n-1)/2 discharge points. The preliminary positioning coordinates of the discharge point were then removed from the abnormal point and imported into the K-means clustering algorithm. A second solution was applied to obtain the exact coordinates of the discharge point. In the experiment, to test the relationship between the PMT detection angle and discharge ultraviolet signal, θ=90° was selected as the steering angle of the steering gear. Conducting discharge patrol experiments at 18 m, 30 m, and 50 m showed that the positioning error of discharge point are within 9.0%. The experimental results show that the method can meet the need for rapid location of the discharge point when the UAV patrols the power line.