针对管道检测过程中图像采集光照不均匀、缺陷边缘提取不准确的问题，提出一种基于自适应图像增强的管道机器人缺陷检测方法。首先设计单尺度Retinex 自适应图像增强算法，利用引导滤波对图像进行照度分量估计，经自适应Gamma 矫正得到光照均衡图像，实现自适应图像增强；再对传统Canny 边缘检测方法进行改进，采用双边滤波平滑图像，通过迭代阈值法进行缺陷图像分割，根据边缘像素相似性进行连接，实现缺陷轮廓的有效提取。搭建基于自适应图像增强的管道机器人缺陷检测系统，利用履带式小车搭载云台摄像机，对管道内壁缺陷进行全方位视觉检测。实验结果表明，本文的检测方法可自适应矫正图像亮度，图像亮度不均匀明显改善，相比次优算法，图像信息熵提升2.4%，图像平均梯度提升2.3%，峰值信噪比提升4.4%，可有效提取出管道缺陷边缘，缺陷识别准确率达到97%。

In view of the problem about uneven image acquisition and inaccurate edge extraction in pipeline detection process, a pipeline robot defect inspection method based on adaptive image enhancement is proposed. Firstly, a single-scale Retinex adaptive image enhancement algorithm is designed, which uses the guided filter to estimate the illumination component of the Value component of the image, and gets the illumination equilibrium image by adaptive Gamma correction, so as to realize the image enhancement. Then, the traditional Canny edge detection method is improved, using bilateral filtering to smooth the image. Besides, the defect images are segmented by the iterative threshold method, and the edge connection is carried out according to the edge pixel similarity. Therefore, the defect contour of the pipe-wall is extracted effectively. Thirdly, a pipeline robot defect detection system based on adaptive image enhancement is built, and a crawler car equipped with the pan-tilt-zoom camera conducts all-round visual inspection of the defects in the pipeline inner wall. The experimental results show that the detection method in this paper can adaptively correct the image brightness, and the uneven brightness of the image is significantly improved. Compared with the sub-optimal algorithm, the information entropy of the image is increased by 2.4%, the average gradient of the image is increased by 2.3%, and the peak signal to noise ratio is increased by 4.4%, and the pipeline defect edges are extracted effectively with the detection accuracy up to 97%.