针对大口径光学系统中像差影响超分辨效果的问题,开展泽尼克波前像差对望远超分辨成像系统性能和超分辨局部视场影响的研究。设计四区型位相光瞳滤波器, 在理想光学系统出瞳处分别加入离焦、像散、彗差和球差像差, 逐渐增加幅值, 通过分析不同类别和幅度的波前像差下焦面光强分布变化, 研究超分辨成像性能和局部视场对不同种类像差的容忍程度。结果表明, 离焦可以抑制超分辨旁瓣能量, 提高超分辨倍率, 但对局部视场影响较大; 球差可以抑制超分辨旁瓣能量,增大局部视场; 像散和彗差使光斑圆对称性明显下降, 其中像散对局部视场的影响较为明显; 同时加入适量离焦和球差时, 超分辨旁瓣能量下降, 超分辨倍率提高, 且不影响系统局部视场。据此设计了一个F数为10, 焦距为12 m的大口径光学系统, 通过合理优化球差和离焦剩余量, 实现了超分辨倍率由1.21倍到1.31倍的提升, 最大旁瓣峰值由0.33下降到0.30, 局部视场为38.28 μm。

Aiming at the problem of aberration affecting the super-resolution in large-aperture optical systems, the influence of Zernike wavefront aberrations on the performance of telescope super-resolution imaging systems and super-resolution local field of views are studied. A four-zone phase pupil filter is designed. Defocusing, astigmatism, coma and spherical aberrations are added to the exit pupil of an ideal optical system to gradually increase the amplitude. The tolerance of super-resolution imaging performance and local field of views to different types of aberrations are studied by changing the intensity distribution of the focal plane under different kinds and amplitudes of wavefront aberration. The results show that defocusing can inhibit super-resolution sidelobe energy and increase the super-resolution ratio, but has a greater impact on the local field of view; spherical aberration can inhibit super-resolution sidelobe energy and increase the local field of view; astigmatism and coma can significantly reduce the circular symmetry of the spot, and astigmatism has a more significant impact on the local field of view; and when appropriate defocusing and spherical aberration are added, the super-resolution sidelobe energy decreases and the super-resolution ratio is improved without affecting the local field of view.Based on this, a large aperture optical system with F/10 and focal length of 12 m is designed. By optimizing spherical aberration and reasonably defocusing residual, the super-resolution ratio is increased from 1.21 times to 1.31 times, the maximum sidelobe peak value is reduced from 0.33 to 0.30, and the local field of view becomes 38.28 μm.