海洋是地球生态环境的重要一环, 但人类对海洋资源的勘探和开采容易对其造成严重破坏, 如油气开采过程造成的大面积溢油、污染和赤潮爆发等。高光谱成像技术可以同时获取图像信息与高分辨光谱信息, 在海洋原位探测上具有重大应用。文中综述了小型高光谱图谱仪与激光雷达及其在海洋应用上的部分近期工作。小型高光谱图谱仪结合荧光技术, 实现了溢油种类的分类和油膜厚度的估计。多模式高光谱海洋原位探测系统可以工作于普通反射或透射成像、望远成像、显微成像三种模式, 实现了海洋不同藻类及鱼类传染病载体孢囊的高光谱探测。高光谱技术结合激光雷达技术在溢油、赤潮等海洋污染物监测方面具有很大潜力。非弹性高光谱沙姆激光雷达系统通过油品的荧光光谱实现了海洋溢油油品的遥测鉴别。形貌沙姆激光雷达系统基于二维沙姆成像原理, 通过空气-水界面折射矫正, 成功的对人体、贝壳、珊瑚等进行了三维形貌重构, 近处恢复精度可达毫米级, 表面纹路清晰可见, 为海洋监测应用提供了新的技术支持。

Ocean is an important part of the earth′s ecological environment. Exploration and exploitation of marine resources may easily cause serious damage to ocean, such as large-scale oil spill, pollution and red tide caused by oil and gas exploitation. Hyperspectral imaging technology can obtain both image information and spectral information at the same time, and has important applications in marine in-situ detection. In this paper, some recent works about hyperspectral imagers are reviewed, including a small-scale hyperspectral imager combined with fluorescence technology for the classification of oil spills and the estimation of oil film thickness, a multi-mode hyperspectral marine in-situ detection system (in three modes: common reflection or transmission imaging, telescopic imaging and microscopic imaging) for hyperspectral detection of different algae and spores of some fish infectious disease carriers. Hyperspectral technology combined with lidar technology has great potential in monitoring oil spill, red tide and other marine pollutants. An inelastic hyperspectral Scheimpflug lidar system and a ligh-sheet Scheimpflug lidar system are also reviewed. The former is for the type identification of oil spills through the fluorescence spectrum of oil spills, and the latter is for the detection of the 3D shapes of some manikin, shells and corals with the refraction correction at the air-water interface.