光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40 (3): 679, 网络出版: 2020-03-25   

激光焊接熔透特征信号同轴增效提取方法研究

Study on Coaxial Synergistic Extraction Method of Laser Welding Penetration Characteristic Signal
作者单位
1 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150028
2 哈尔滨工业大学材料学与工程系, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
摘要
熔透检测是实现高功率激光焊接质量在线控制的重要环节, 但由于介观尺度下的低辐值熔透特征信号产生于激光匙孔底部被匙孔喷射物质和周围干扰信号完全掩盖, 熔透状态难以被直接获取, 常规检测多以间接测量为主。 将光谱透视技术、 红外显微成像技术、 光电传感技术及空间定位提取技术相结合, 提出一种激光焊接熔透特征信号同轴增效提取方法。 以高功率激光在匙孔内壁激发的荧光辐射源作为直接检测信号, 利用不同发光体的谱段特性在红外谱段有效分离并抑制激光焊接匙孔上方的等离子体、 金属蒸汽焰、 粒子团簇等强干扰信号, 使红外荧光信号得到有效增强, 实现光谱透视显像效果。 同时采用自行研制的激光焊接同轴显微光路系统, 利用红外显微成像原理提取到匙孔内壁受激辐射荧光的红外显微实像。 并以此为基础对高功率激光焊接熔透状态与匙孔内部影像特征进行关联研究, 发现与熔透状态直接相关的低辐射值特征现象及特征区域的存在。 通过视觉辅助定位调节和熔透特征位置试验矫正等寻位方式, 依次提高定位精度, 直至将传感器光电感应芯片高精度定位至荧光辐射实像中的熔透特征区域。 由此通过光谱透视—显微成像—介观寻位萃取的逐层光学分离方式, 实现了对匙孔熔透特征数据的精准提取和最大化增强。 试验结果表明, 基于多种光谱及光学处理技术复合应用的大功率固体激光焊熔透特征同轴增效提取方法对激光熔透特征信号增强效果显著, 可作为一种新型的高功率激光焊接熔透在线检测手段。
Abstract
Penetration detection is an important link to realize the on-line control of high power laser welding quality. However, because the penetration region has the characteristics of low radiation and mesoscopic scale, which is generated from the bottom of the laser keyhole, its signal is completely masked by the ejected materials from the keyhole and the surrounding interference signals. As the penetration state is difficult to be directly obtained, the conventional measurements mainly use indirect measurement. In this paper, a coaxial synergistic extraction method of laser welding penetration characteristic signal is proposed by combining technologies of spectral perspective, infrared microscopic imaging, photoelectric sensing and spatial location extraction. It uses the fluorescence source as the direct detection signal, which is excited by high power laser in the inner wall of the keyhole, and by using the spectral characteristics of different luminescent materials in the infrared spectrum, separates and suppresses the strong interference signals such as plasma, metal vapor flame, particle cluster and so on over the keyhole. So as to enhance the infrared fluorescence signal in the keyhole effectively and realize the effect of spectral fluoroscopy. At the same time, by using the self-developed microscopic optical system with long focus in coaxial laser welding, which is according to the principle of infrared microscopic imaging, the real images of the stimulated radiation behavior which inside the keyhole are extracted. On this basis, the correlation between penetration state of high power laser welding and internal image features of keyhole is studied. The phenomenon of low radiation value and its existing position directly related to penetration state are found. After that, by means of visual assisted positioning adjustment and penetration characteristic position test experiments, that can improve the positioning accuracy successively, until the sensor photoelectric sensor chip is positioned to the penetration characteristic region in the fluorescence radiation real image with high precision. Therefore, by layer-by-layer optical separation method of spectral perspective, microscopic imaging and mesoscopic location signal extraction, accurate extraction and maximization of keyhole penetration data can be realized. The experiments results show that the coaxial synergistic extraction method of penetration characteristics of high power solid laser welding, which is based on composite applications of multiple spectral and optical processing methods, is effective and can be used as a new method for on-line detecting penetration of high power laser welding.

孙谦, 黄瑞生, 雷振, 杨义成, 王旭友, 李俐群. 激光焊接熔透特征信号同轴增效提取方法研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(3): 679. SUN Qian, HUANG Rui-sheng, LEI Zhen, YANG Yi-cheng, WANG Xu-you, LI Li-qun. Study on Coaxial Synergistic Extraction Method of Laser Welding Penetration Characteristic Signal[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2020, 40(3): 679.

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