光纤形状传感技术是近年来光纤传感领域一个新的研究方向, 光纤形状传感器利用若干路在空间上具有特定排布的光纤组合在一起测量光纤或与之相连的被测物体的位置和形状。由于它具有不受电磁干扰、易于集成、形状测量精度高的特点, 可应用于医疗微创介入手术导管位置追迹、航天领域关键结构体形态测量、长距离管道及缆线变形监测等场合。本文论述了光纤形状传感技术在相关领域的应用, 综述了这一技术在国内外的最新研究进展, 对光纤形状传感的关键技术进行了详细的介绍, 同时分析了现有光纤形状传感技术所面临的主要瓶颈及误差来源。

Shape sensing technology based on optical fibers is a new research direction in the field of optical fiber sensing. In recent years, fiber shape sensors have used several optical fibers with a specific spatial arrangement to measure the position and shape of the fiber or the connected objects. Because it is free from electromagnetic interference, easy to integrate, and has high accuracy in shape measurement, it can be applied to minimally invasive medical interventional catheter position tracking, critical structural shape measurement in the aerospace field, long-distance pipelines, and cable deformation monitoring. This paper discusses the application of fiber shape sensing technology in related fields. It systematically reviews the latest domestic and international research progress on this technology, as well as its key aspects. A detailed introduction is presented, and the major limiting factors and sources of errors in optical fiber shape sensing are summarized.