针对浮空器囊体形状的实时传感问题, 研究了柔性复合蒙皮形变光纤传感方法。分析了柔性复合蒙皮形状传感原理与算法; 制备了Vectran纤维（聚芳酯纤维）蒙皮试样, 实验研究了柔性蒙皮的曲率变化与光纤光栅曲率传感器中心波长漂移量的关系, 分析了坐标系变换的曲线重构算法在浮空器蒙皮材料应用下的精度。得出FBG曲率传感器中心波长的漂移量随蒙皮材料的曲率半径增大而增大, 形变曲率半径在1～12m-1范围内时, 蒙皮形变传感重构误差小于4mm。研究结果表明: 用光纤光栅传感方法可实现浮空器柔性蒙皮形变的传感和重构, 在浮空器囊体形变监测中具有应用前景。

In order to solve the real-time sensing problem, it is necessary to research the methods of flexible composite skin deformation fiber optic sensing. The principle and algorithm of flexible composite skin shape sensing were analyzed. The Vectran fiber (polyarylate fiber) skin samples were prepared. The relationship between the curvature change of flexible skin and the central wavelength drift of fiber grating curvature sensor was studied. The accuracy of the curve reconstruction algorithm of the coordinate transformation in the application of the aerostat skin material was analyzed. It is concluded that the drift of the center wavelength of the FBG curvature sensor increases with the increase of the radius of curvature of the skin material. When the deformation radius of curvature is in the range of 1～12m-1, the skin deformation sensor reconstruction error is less than 4mm. The research results show that the fiber grating sensing method can realize the sensing and reconstruction of the flexible skin deformation of the aerostat, and it has potential application in the deformation monitoring of the aerostat capsule.