气体的快速识别与检测已成为国内外研究者迫切解决的重大问题。随着光学技术的快速发展，气体光学检测技术以其高效率、多组分、高灵敏度等显著优势而成为气体检测领域的重要研究热点之一。本文介绍了气体光学检测技术的理论基础，并按主动式与被动式两大类综述了各种典型气体光学检测技术的工作原理及应用进展。运用这些气体检测技术，已经对几十种气体实现远距离、高灵敏度的连续实时监测，完成了多种场景下对气体成分、浓度、温度等参数的测量，有效减少了危险事故的发生。通过总结和分析现有气体光学检测技术仍存在的技术问题，对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Rapid identification and detection of gases is a major problem that needs to be solved urgently by researches from worldwide. With the development of optical technology, optical gas detection technology has attracted great attention due to its remarkable advantages of high efficiency, multi-component detection ability and high sensitivity. In this paper, the theoretical foundation of optical gas detection technology is first introduced. Then the working principles and applications of various optical detection technologies for typical gases according to active and passive detection are reviewed. Using these gas detection technologies, dozens of gases have been continuously monitored at long distance with high sensitivity. The measurements of gas composition, concentration, temperature and other parameters in a variety of scenarios are realized, which effectively reduces the occurrence of dangerous accidents. By summarizing and analyzing the technical problems that still exist in the current optical gas detection technology, the future development trend is prospected.