为了同时测量大气温度, 水汽和大气气溶胶, 中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所中国科学院大气光学中心研制了一台多功能拉曼激光雷达。 该激光雷达采用多腔干涉滤光片的高性能光谱盒, 同时按小角度入射顺序安装, 分离不同波长的激光雷达回波信号, 并能高效率地提取信号。 利用该台拉曼激光雷达进行连续观测, 分析了大气温度、 水汽混合比的垂直分布。 研究结果表明: 探测时间为5分钟, 激光能量为200 mJ时, 激光雷达和无线电探空仪测得的平均偏差很小, 10 km以下的总体趋势相似, 同时观测到逆温层位于对流层低层。 在干净天的条件下, 6.2 km高度下的夜间统计温度误差在1K以下; 在轻微雾霾天的条件下, 2.5 km高度下的夜间统计温度误差在1 K以下。 水汽探测过程中, 激光雷达在4 km以内的相对误差不超过5%, 7.5 km以内的相对误差不超过20%。 连续观测结果验证了拉曼激光雷达的可靠性, 实现了对流层大气参数的实时测量。

Raman lidar has been designed by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which measures atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and aerosol simultaneously. A high-performance spectroscopic box that utilizes multicavity interference filters, mounted sequentially at small angles of incidence, is used to separate the lidar return signals at different wavelengths, and to extract the signals with high efficiency. The external experiments are carried out for simultaneous detection of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, under clear and hazy weather conditions. The vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor are analyzed. The results show that for an integration time of 5 min and laser energy of 200 mJ, the mean deviation between measurements obtained by lidar and radiosonde is small, and the overall trend is similar. The temperature inversion layer is found in the low troposphere. The statistical temperature error for nighttime is below 1 K up to a height of 6.2 km under clear weather conditions, and up to a height of 2.5 km under slightly hazy weather conditions, with 5 min of observation time. Moreover, the relative error in water vapor detection process mostly does not exceed 5% up to 4 km, and is well below 20% up to 7.5 km. Continuous observations verify the reliability of Raman lidar to achieve real-time measurement of atmospheric parameters in the troposphere.