光与纳米结构的相互作用一直是纳米光子学的重要研究内容之一，核心部件的纳米结构对光子器件的功能和性能具有决定性作用。纳米光子器件的设计存在两种思路：一是从物理原理出发的直观设计；二是根据所需光学响应探索最优结构的逆设计。近年来，逆设计在纳米器件中取得了一系列重要进展，尤其是最近将深度学习方法引入进来，开启了高性能纳米光子器件智能高效设计的新篇章。文章围绕纳米光子器件智能逆设计方法，分析归纳了这一新兴研究方向的产生背景、重要进展和典型应用，对智能逆设计面临的挑战及未来发展方向进行了展望。

The interaction between light and nanostructures has always been one of the important topic in nanophotonics. The nanostructure of the core components play an important role in the function and performance of photonic devices. There are two approaches in the design of nanophotonic devices. One is based on physical principles and intuitive, while the other employs the idea of inverse design to obtain the optimal structure according to the required optical response. In recent years, inverse design has made great progress in nanophotonic devices. In particular, the technology of deep learning was recently introduced, promising for the design of high-performance nanophotonic devices. This article focuses on inverse design method of the nanophotonic devices. The background, key progress and typical applications of this emerging research direction are analyzed and summarized, and the challenges and prospect of inverse design are also presented.