锁模激光器除了可以产生稳定的超短脉冲以外,还可产生一系列重要的非平衡态动力学过程。这些快速变化的动力学过程有助于理解超快激光器和相关非线性系统的动力学,也对超快激光器的稳定性设计有重要指导意义。随着超快探测技术的发展,锁模激光器超快动力学的研究取得了一系列突破。介绍了锁模激光器几个典型的非平衡态动力学过程,包括锁模启动过程,孤子分子动力学,呼吸子超快激光,以及孤子、呼吸子爆炸动力学。这些研究不仅揭示了超快激光器中新的物理机制,也将进一步促进超快激光器、孤子及呼吸子相关理论的发展。

In addition to generating stable ultrashort pulses, mode-locked lasers can also generate a series of important non-equilibrium dynamic processes. These fast-changing dynamics processes are helpful to understand the dynamics of ultrafast lasers and related nonlinear systems, and also have important guiding significance for the stability design of ultrafast lasers. With the development of ultrafast detection technology, a series of breakthroughs have been made in the study of ultrafast dynamics of mode-locked lasers. Several typical non-equilibrium dynamics processes of mode-locked lasers are introduced, including mode-locked initiation process, soliton molecular dynamics, breather ultrafast laser, and explosion dynamics of solitons and breathers. These studies not only reveal new physical mechanisms in ultrafast lasers, but will also further promote the development of theories related to ultrafast lasers, solitons, and breathers.