作为具有螺旋形相位、携带有轨道角动量的结构光束,涡旋光的多普勒效应与经典平面波束多普勒效应相比,多出了垂直于光束截面内的相对运动引起的频移分量。建立速度-坡印廷矢量模型和相位调制模型来研究涡旋光的线性与旋转多普勒效应,得出了复合运动下涡旋光多普勒频移的产生规律。在此基础上,针对旋转柱体这一典型的空间运动目标,采用两种模型分别对其表面产生的多普勒频移进行分析,得到的相同结果证明了理论分析方法的正确性。揭示涡旋光探测旋转柱体的频移分布规律,并探究了不同涡旋光半径和不同柱体尺寸对探测结果的影响。

As a structured beam exhibiting a spiral phase and an orbital angular momentum, the Doppler effect of an optical vortex possesses a frequency shift component caused by the relative motion that is perpendicular to the beam cross-section compared with the Doppler effect of the classical plane beam. In this study, a velocity-Poynting vector model and a phase modulation model are established to study the linear and rotational Doppler effects of optical vortex, obtaining the generation law of Doppler frequency shift of the vortex light under compound motion. Moreover, these two models are used to analyze the Doppler frequency shift on the surface of the cylinder, which is a typical spatial moving target. The same results are obtained, proving the correctness of the proposed theoretical analysis method. The distribution law of the frequency shift of the rotating cylinder detected through vortex light is proposed herein, and the influence of different optical vortex radii and cylinder sizes on the detection results is explored.