中国激光, 2019, 46 (9): 0902003, 网络出版: 2019-09-10   

激光-MIG复合焊接热过程与熔池流场的数值分析 下载: 1069次

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Process and Fluid Flow Field in Laser-MIG Hybrid Weld Pools
作者单位
1 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司, 山东 青岛 266111
2 山东大学材料连接技术研究所, 山东 济南 250061
摘要
建立了激光-MIG复合焊接过程的三维瞬态传热和流体流动模型,分析了小孔行为、熔池温度场和流场演变过程的特点,探讨了激光电弧前后相对位置对熔池传热和流动的影响。模型考虑了焊枪倾角对熔滴过渡的影响以及多次反射对激光能量分布的影响。结果表明:小孔壁面向下流动经熔池底部反射后形成后向流动和逆时针环流;后向流动向熔池尾部输运热量和动量,增加熔池体积;而逆时针环流则冲击小孔后壁,降低小孔的稳定性。激光在前时,熔滴和电弧压力作用在小孔后方,并产生两个流动模式:朝向前方和四周的流动。朝向前方的流动增强了逆时针流动对小孔后壁的冲击作用,使得小孔坍塌现象更加严重;朝向四周的流动将热量输运至熔池两侧,增加了焊缝宽度。
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) transient heat transfer and fluid flow model for laser-MIG hybrid welding is developed to investigate keyhole dynamics and temperature and fluid flow fields in weld pools. The effect of the laser-arc tandem relative position on the heat transfer and fluid flow of the weld pool is elucidated. The model considers the effect of the welding torch angle on droplet transfer and the effects of multiple reflections on laser energy distribution. The results show that the downward flow along the keyhole wall forms backward flow and counterclockwise circulation after reflection on the bottom of the weld pool. The backward flow transports heat and momentum to the rear portion and increases weld pool volume. The counterclockwise circulation impinges on the keyhole back wall and reduces the keyhole stability. In laser leading configurations, the droplet and arc pressure impact behind the keyhole and cause two flow patterns, namely the forward and outside flows. The forward flow enhances the impingement of counterclockwise circulation on the keyhole back wall, and the collapse of the keyhole becomes more severe. The outside flow transfers heat to both sides of the weld pool and leads to a wider weld.

吴向阳, 徐剑侠, 高学松, 武传松. 激光-MIG复合焊接热过程与熔池流场的数值分析[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 46(9): 0902003. Wu Xiangyang, Xu Jianxia, Gao Xuesong, Wu Chuansong. Numerical Simulation of Thermal Process and Fluid Flow Field in Laser-MIG Hybrid Weld Pools[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(9): 0902003.

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