在粉末床激光熔融(LPBF)过程中,金属粉末在高能量激光束的作用下快速熔化与凝固,这一复杂的导热过程伴随着飞溅现象。飞溅本质上是在激光与金属粉末作用区及其附近的材料向周围运动的过程,这些材料不仅会落到成形区域影响成形零件的质量,还会落到非成形区域污染干净的粉末,是成形过程中的不利因素。此外,飞溅携带有丰富的信息,可以用于成形过程的监控。对飞溅行为进行深入分析与研究有助于完善LPBF成形的理论基础,并有望解决LPBF加工过程的可靠性问题,最终提升产品的质量。以LPBF工艺过程中的飞溅行为为研究对象,结合近几年的相关研究,综述了当前国内外LPBF过程中的飞溅行为以及基于飞溅特征的过程监控与质量控制技术的现状。

During the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process, metal powder is rapidly melted and solidified under the action of a high-energy laser beam. The spatter phenomenon accompanies the complex heat conduction process. Spatter is essentially a process by which materials in and near the laser and metal powder areas move to the surrounding area. These materials not only fall to the molding area and affect the quality of the molded part but also fall to the non-molded area to contaminate the clean powder. This is a disadvantage of the molding process. In addition, spatter carries rich information, which can be used to monitor the forming process. Detailed analysis and study are expected to improve the theoretical basis of LPBF forming, solve the process reliability problem of LPBF technology, and ultimately improve the product quality. Therefore, this study takes the spatter behavior in the LPBF process as the research object, combines with the relevant research in recent years to summarize the spatter behavior in the LPBF process at home and abroad and the status of process monitoring and quality control technology based on spatter characteristics.