光纤作为光信息和光能量的传输元器件已成为基础建设不可或缺的组成部分。针对功能光纤进行概括性介绍。着重介绍了微结构光纤的导光机理以及制备方案。微结构光纤由于其实现了灵活的预制棒制备方式、空芯传输以及理论上的超低衰耗,广泛地应用于光电传感和激光器应用。未来光纤发展的趋势将是光、电功能集成于一根光纤中,详细介绍了纳米机械光纤的制备和潜在应用,为全光器件和光集成技术发展提供重要的研究方向。

Recently, fiber optics have become indispensable infrastructural components for the transmission of optical signals and energy. We provide an overview of functional fibers. The light guiding mechanism and preparation scheme of microstructure optical fibers (MOFs) are introduced. The usage of MOF has emerged in optoelectronic sensing and laser applications because of its flexible preform preparation, hollow core transmission ability, and ultralow theoretical attenuation. Because the development of optical fibers is progressing toward the integration of multi-functional units into single fibers, the preparation and potential applications of a nanomechanical optical fiber are introduced in detail. This new type of optical fiber represents a crucial research direction for the development of all-optical devices and optical integration technologies.