研究一种基于机载和车载被动差分吸收光谱(DOAS)技术测量大气污染气体排放通量的光学遥测方法。利用机载成像光谱仪和车载DOAS光谱仪对工业区进行同步走航观测,利用光谱反演获得区域NO2垂直柱浓度分布情况及扩散趋势,然后根据实时风场数据,结合NOx在大气中的衰减模型,推导出NOx衰减情况及氮氧化物各成分占比,进而获得污染源NOx的排放通量。所提方法修正了NOx在大气中的衰变,计算了该工业园区电厂和钢厂的NOx排放通量分别为3.3331×10 24 molecule·s -1和2.6138×10 24 molecule·s -1。结果表明:机载和车载观测结果的一致性较好,与未经修正NOx衰变获得的排放通量相比,所提方法获得的排放通量精度提高了约5%~20%。与车载或机载独立观测方式相比,所提方法结合了机载扫描范围大和车载探测空间分辨率高的优点,更有利于对污染扩散趋势的掌握,提高了探测精度。

In this study, an optical telemetry method based on airborne and vehicular passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technology to measure the emission flux of atmospheric pollution gas is studied. This method use an airborne imaging spectrometer and vehicular DOAS spectrometer to synchronously observe navigation within an industrial area. The distribution and diffusion trend of NO₂ vertical column concentration in this region are detected through spectral inversion. By utilizing the real-time wind field data and attenuation model of NO_x in the atmosphere, the NO_x attenuation and the proportion of each component of nitrogen oxides are derived, and thus the emission flux of pollution source NO_x is obtained. The NO_x attenuation in the atmosphere is corrected by using the proposed method. The NO_x emission fluxes of the power and steel plant in the industrial park are calculated to be 3.3331×10 ²⁴ molecule·s ^-1 and 2.6138×10 ²⁴ molecule·s ^-1, respectively. The results show a consistency in airborne and vehicular observations. Compared with the emission flux computed by the uncorrected NO_x attenuation, the emission flux accuracy of proposed method has significantly improved by 5%--20%. Compared with the vehicle or airborne independent observation method, proposed method combine the advantages of large scanning range for airborne detection and high spectral resolution for vehicle detection, which is conducive in tracking pollution diffusion and can improve the detection accuracy.