中国激光, 2019, 46 (8): 0802005, 网络出版: 2019-08-13   

高效激光-MAG复合焊接船用高强钢的性能 下载: 918次

Properties of Marine High-Strength Steel by High-Efficiency Laser-MAG Hybrid Welding
作者单位
1 沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110870
2 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司, 江苏 南京 210038
3 沈阳工业大学机械工程学院, 辽宁 沈阳 110870
摘要
采用光纤激光-MAG复合焊接技术,在激光输出功率为10 kW的条件下单道一次穿透焊接18 mm厚EH36船用高强钢板,实现了良好的单面焊双面成形工艺技术,且无焊接缺陷存在。本次试验的最佳工艺参数为激光输出功率10 kW、离焦量0 mm、光丝间距3 mm、焊接电流400 A、焊接电压31.1 V、送丝速度14.2 m/min、焊丝伸出长度20 mm、保护气流量20 L/min、焊接速度1.5 m/min。采用分析检测设备对焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能进行分析。结果表明:焊缝上部(电弧作用区)的组织特点是先共析铁素体在柱状晶界以侧板条状生长,在柱状晶内还存在少量粒状铁素体;在柱状晶内,亚结构组织主要由板条状马氏体和针状贝氏体组成,并存在少量上贝氏体;V形带状组织主要由板条马氏体与少量贝氏体构成。焊缝下部(激光作用区)组织主要由板条马氏体组成。电弧作用区与激光作用区的焊接热影响区组织主要由板条马氏体组成。电弧作用区与激光作用区的焊接接头最高硬度均出现在热影响区,激光作用区的焊缝硬度最高,然后依次为焊缝中V形带状组织区、电弧作用区焊缝。焊接接头在室温下的平均抗拉强度为521 MPa,拉伸试样均断裂于母材;焊接接头正弯试验满足标准要求;在-20 ℃下,焊缝金属、热影响区及母材的平均冲击功分别为57,53,52 J,力学性能指标均满足船级社要求。
Abstract
In this study, a fiber laser-MAG hybrid welding technology is adopted under the condition of a 10 kW laser output power. A single pass is performed with high efficiency through the welding of an 18 mm-thick EH36 marine high-strength steel plate, which realizes a good single-side welding and double-side forming technology without welding defects. The optimal process parameters of this test are 10 kW laser output power, 0 mm defocusing amount, 3 mm optical wire spacing, 400 A welding current, 31.1 V welding voltage, 14.2 m/min wire feeding speed, 20 mm wire extension length, 20 L/min protective gas flow, and 1.5 m/min welding speed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints are studied using analytical testing equipments. Results show that the microstructure of the upper part of the weld (i.e., arc action zone) is characterized by pro-eutectoid ferrite growing in the columnar grain boundary in the form of side plates and strips and a small amount of granular ferrite in the columnar grain. The substructure in the columnar crystal mainly comprises lath martensite and acicular bainite, with a small amount of upper bainite. Meanwhile, the V-shaped banded structure is mainly composed of lath martensite and a small amount of acicular bainite. The weld microstructure of the lower part of the weld (laser action zone) is mainly composed of lath martensite. The structure of the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the arc and laser action zones is mainly composed of lath martensite. The highest hardness of the welded joint in the arc and laser action zones appears in the HAZ. The laser action zone has the highest hardness, and then the V-shaped banded structure and the arc action zone of the weld. The average tensile strength of the welded joints at room temperature is 521 MPa, and all the tensile joints are fractured on the base metal. The positive bending test of the welded joints meets the standard requirements. The average impact energies of the weld metal, HAZ, and base metal at -20 ℃ are 57, 53, and 52 J, respectively. The mechanical properties meet the requirements of the classification society.

井志成, 张国瑜, 王子健, 李午红, 王传强, 徐国建, 陈冬卅, 王蔚. 高效激光-MAG复合焊接船用高强钢的性能[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 46(8): 0802005. Zhicheng Jing, Guoyu Zhang, Zijian Wang, Wuhong Li, Chuanqiang Wang, Guojian Xu, Dongsa Chen, Wei Wang. Properties of Marine High-Strength Steel by High-Efficiency Laser-MAG Hybrid Welding[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(8): 0802005.

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