超快激光具有脉冲能量高、加工精度高、热影响区小等特性,在材料加工尤其是微纳加工和表面改性中具有独特优势。介绍了超快激光加工金属材料的典型数值模拟方法,综述了近十几年来关于超快激光加工金属材料过程中烧蚀、等离子体效应和周期性表面结构形成机理的数值模拟研究进展,讨论了阐述三种机理的若干种模型和局限,总结了当前超快激光加工数值模拟所面临的挑战,并对今后的研究重点进行了展望。

Ultrafast lasers have the characteristics of high pulse energy, high processing accuracy, and small heat affected zone. They have unique advantages in material processing, especially in the fields of micro-nano processing and surface modification. This paper introduces the typical numerical simulation methods of ultrafast laser processing metal materials. It summarizes the research progress of numerical simulation based on the three mechanisms of ablation, plasma effect, and periodic surface structure formation in recent years. Several models and limitations of these mechanisms are introduced, the current challenges of numerical simulation for ultrafast laser processing are summarized, and future research focuses are prospected.