太阳能聚光器聚焦方法主要有三种,介绍了不同太阳能聚光器的结构设计和聚光原理,并对其聚光性能进行了分析。同时,对国内外最新研究现状进行了总结和论述。三种聚光器中,折射式聚光器常采用不同形状的菲涅耳透镜作为主要光学元件,其设计自由度高,但透镜对光谱敏感容易产生色散;反射式聚光器结构简单,对太阳光谱有天然优势,但其聚光比普遍偏低,且占地面积较大,聚光效率与反射面上的镀层折射率等因素有关;混合式聚光器将不同原理的聚光器进行组合搭配,实现了太阳光能量的最大化利用,同时能在出口处得到均匀光斑。混合式太阳能聚光器中,平板型聚光器因其动态的聚光比和高聚光效率,越来越受到人们的广泛关注,但平板型太阳能聚光器仍需考虑制造和耦合误差的问题。太阳能聚光器是聚光光伏系统的重要组件之一,因此有关聚光器的研究具有重要的应用价值。聚光器的光学设计将向聚光效率更高、接收面聚焦光斑更均匀和系统结构更紧凑的方向发展,随着加工技术的不断成熟,聚光器将更加高效、轻量,其成本将进一步降低。

The focusing methods of solar concentrators are mainly classified into three categories. This study introduces the structural designs and operating principles of various solar concentrators, analyses their focusing performance, and summaries the latest research status at home and abroad. First, we consider a refractive concentrator, which involves the usage of Fresnel lens with varying shapes as the main optical element and exhibits a high design freedom, but the lens is sensitive to the spectrum and easy to produce dispersion. Second, we consider a reflective concentrator, which exhibits a simple structure, has natural advantages with respect to the solar spectrum, and covers a larger area, but its concentration ratio is generally low and its concentration efficiency is related to the refractive index of the coating on the reflector and other factors. Finally, we consider a hybrid concentrator, which can be obtained by combining concentrators under different operating principles to achieve maximum utilization of the solar energy and generate a uniform spot at the exit. With respect to the hybrid concentrator, the planar concentrator has attracted increasing attention because of its dynamic concentration ratio and high concentration efficiency; however, the manufacturing and coupling errors associated with the planar concentrator still need to be considered. Regardless, the solar concentrator is one of the key components of a concentrating photovoltaic system, and its research demonstrates considerable futuristic applications. From the development perspective, the optical concentrator designs exhibit considerable potentials because of their high efficiency, uniformity with respect to the focusing spot on the receiving surface, and advanced compact system structure. With the continuous development of the processing technology, the concentrator will become increasingly efficient and lightweight, thereby reducing its cost.