提出了一种基于像差特征分析的变焦系统共轴性装调方法。针对某型20倍变焦光学系统的装调，在分析变焦光学系统装调要求的基础上，通过采用光学定心加工技术，提高变焦系统各镜组内光学元件的同轴度；采用Zygo干涉仪，检测变焦系统在长短焦位置的像差特性分布；借助CodeV软件仿真计算各光学元件在系统中的公差灵敏度分布，并确定产生像差影响的敏感光学元件；在中心偏测量仪上，完成最终光学系统像质的调整。此外，还设计了一种变焦光学系统各动组间同轴度调试装置，对变焦相机主镜筒机械内孔轴线与直线导轨的平行性进行了精确测量，保证了动组组元光轴的同轴精度。装调结果表明：变焦系统成像质量有明显改善，像面一致性得到保证，长短焦轴上传递函数值分别优于技术要求值0.45和0.55，长短焦轴外0.7视场传递函数值优于0.25和0.35，实现了高精度装调，验证了该方法的可靠性。

A coaxial alignment method of zoom system based on aberration feature analysis was proposed. Aiming at the alignment for a certain type of 20 times zoom optical system, the coaxiality of the optical elements in each lens group of the zoom system was improved by using the optical centering processing technology on the basis of analyzing the alignment requirements of the zoom optical system. The Zygo interferometer was used to detect the aberration feature distribution of the zoom system in the long and short focal positions. With the help of CodeV software, the tolerance sensitivity distribution of each optical element in the system was simulated to determine the sensitive optical elements which generated aberration effect. The final imaging quality of the optical system was adjusted on the center deviation measuring instrument. In addition, a coaxiality debugging device of the zoom optical system was designed to precisely measure the parallelism between the axis of the mechanical inner hole of the zoom camera main lens barrel and the linear guideway, so as to ensure the coaxial accuracy of the optical axis of the moving group. The results show that the imaging quality of the zoom system is obviously improved and the consistency of the image plane is guaranteed. The transfer function value of the long and short focal axes is better than the technical requirement value 0.45 and 0.55 respectively, and the transfer function value of the external long and short focal axes 0.7 field of view is superior to the technical requirement value of 0.25 and 0.35 respectively, which realizes the high-precision alignment and verifies the reliability of the method.