紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达是一种探测大气温度廓线的有效工具。目前, 紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达通常采用355 nm波长的光, 然而白天太阳背景光辐射会影响雷达系统的信噪比(SNR), 进而制约温度探测的距离和精度。针对大气温度的全天时探测, 提出了基于法布里-珀罗标准具的266 nm紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达系统。由于到达地面的太阳背景光辐射不包含266 nm波长的光, 只需考虑臭氧对266 nm波长光吸收的影响, 进而实现全天时大气温度的探测。基于脉冲能量、望远镜直径、望远镜接收视场角、臭氧浓度以及太阳背景光强度等主要影响参数, 对266 nm和355 nm两个波长紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达系统的谱宽、透过率、回波信号SNR以及温度偏差参数进行数值仿真和对比分析。结果表明, 大气分子和气溶胶散射对266 nm波长光的影响远大于对355 nm波长光的影响。白天266 nm紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达系统的有效探测距离为4 km左右, 比355 nm紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达系统的有效探测距离远2.9 km; 夜间266 nm紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达系统有效探测距离为6 km。探测距离小于5 km时, 白天266 nm紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达的探测温度偏差比355 nm紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达的探测温度偏差小10 K。266 nm紫外高光谱瑞利测温激光雷达可实现全天时大气温度的探测。

A ultraviolet high spectral lidar for Rayleigh temperature measurement is an effective tool for detecting the temperature profile. At present, the light with wavelength of 355 nm is used in the ultraviolet high spectral lidar for Rayleigh temperature measurement. However, the solar backgroun radiation has a great influence on the signal-noise ratio (SNR), and the distance and the accuracy of temperature measurement are restricted. To realize the full-time measurement for atmospheric temperature, a 266 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar system for Rayleigh temperature measurement based on Fabry-Perot etalon is presented. Because there is no 266 nm light in the solar background radiation, the effect of ozone on the 266 nm light absorption is only needed to be considered, and then the full-time measurement for atmospheric temperature is realized. The spectral widths, transmission rates, SNR of echo signal and temperature errors of 266 nm and 355 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar systems for Rayleigh temperature measurement are simulated and analyzed based on main parameters, such as pulse energy, diameter of telescope, receiving view field angle of telescope, concentration of ozone and solar background light intensity. Results show that the influence of atmospheric molecular and aerosol scattering on light at 266 nm is much larger than that of light at 355 nm. In the daytime, the effective measurement distance of 266 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar system for Rayleigh temperature measurement is about 4 km, which is 2.9 km far than that of 355 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar system for Rayleigh temperature measurement. The effective measurement distance of 266 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar system for Rayleigh temperature measurement is about 6 km in the nighttime. When the measurement distance is smaller than 5 km, the temperature error of 266 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar system for Rayleigh temperature measurement is 10 K less than that of 355 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar system for Rayleigh temperature measurement in the daytime. The 266 nm ultraviolet high spectral lidar for Rayleigh temperature measurement can be used to measure atmospheric temperature in the daytime and in the nighttime.