环境的变化不但影响着现在和未来的世界,而且一直是国际科学前沿关注的热点。环境问题的解决离不开先进的监测技术和手段。环境光谱学监测技术利用光学中的吸收、发射、散射以及大气辐射传输等方法,通过建立特征因子指纹光谱数据库和定量解析算法,获取污染物的特性,可用于空气质量、固定和流动污染源的自动监测,具有实时快速、高灵敏、监测范围广等优势,是当今国际环境监测的发展方向和主导技术。目前形成了以激光雷达技术、差分光学吸收光谱学技术、可调谐二极管激光光谱学技术、傅里叶变换红外光谱学技术等为主体的一系列环境监测技术及体系。基于这些技术和体系对监测信息的获取、传输和共享,为全社会提供了基础环境信息,同时也推动了基于监测数据的环境质量评价体系的发展,为我国的环境管理提供了科学依据。

The environmental changes occurring throughout the world have become the focus of global scientific research. The spectroscopic environmental monitoring technology can be used to obtain information about pollutants based on the optical absorption, emission, scattering, and atmospheric radiation transmission principles by establishing a characteristic factor fingerprint spectrum database and a quantitative analysis algorithm. Further, this technology can be applied to dynamically monitor the air quality as well as the fixed and mobile pollutant sources. The environmental spectroscopy monitoring technology, which can perform real-time and rapid monitoring at high sensitivities and large scales, has attracted considerable research attention. To date, several principal environmental monitoring technologies and systems have been established. These mainly include investigations and applications of the lidar technology, differential optical absorption spectroscopy, tunable diode laser spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on these technologies and systems, the acquisition, transmission and sharing of monitoring information provides basic environmental information for the whole society, which promotes the development of the environmental quality assessment systems based on the monitoring data and provides the scientific basis for environmental management in China.