光学学报, 2021, 41 (1): 0112002, 网络出版: 2020-10-12
月球激光测距中的关键物理与技术问题 下载: 2381次特邀综述
Discussion on Some Key Physical and Technical Problems About Lunar Laser Ranging
测量 月球激光测距 角反射器 信噪比 Poisson概率分布 测量精度 measurement lunar laser ranging retro-reflector signal-to-noise ratio Poisson probability distribution measurement accuracy
摘要
根据国际上公开发表利用的1969—1972年美国Apollo 11、14、15宇航员放置在月球上的三个角反射器以及1970—1971年苏联无人登月车放置的两个角反射器进行的月球激光测距的论文和技术文献,讨论了月球激光测距中的几个关键物理和技术问题,主要包括:1)角反射器阵列指向与其月面位置的精确定位;2)角反射器激光回波信号的确认;3)接收信号强度与信噪比;4)测距结果的精度;5)满月时为什么不适于测距;6)地球大气对激光测月及其精度的影响。现有技术文献对一些关键的技术细节描述尚不完备,判定接收信号来自角反射器对激光的反射缺乏直接的物理证据,现在声称的距离测量精度与激光本身特性的关系尚需进一步分析。
Abstract
Based on published literatures about lunar laser ranging with three retro-reflectors landed on the Moon by the astronauts of Apollo 11, 14, and 15 missions in 1969—1972 and the two retro-reflectors landed on the Soviet roving vehicles in 1970—1971, some related physical and technical problems in lunar laser ranging are analyzed and discussed. These problems include: 1) the direction of the retro-reflector array and the accurate determination of its position on the lunar surface; 2) the identification of laser echo signals from the retro-reflector; 3) the intensity of receiving signals and the signal-to-noise ratio; 4) the precision of the lunar laser ranging results; 5) the difficulty of ranging in the full moon period; 6) the effect of the Earth's atmosphere on lunar laser ranging and its precision. Some key technical details in the ranging loop have not been given in the published literature. There is a lack of direct physical evidences for the identification of signals as the laser back from retro-reflectors. The further analysis on the relationship between the lunar ranging precision claimed and the laser characteristics is needed.
饶瑞中. 月球激光测距中的关键物理与技术问题[J]. 光学学报, 2021, 41(1): 0112002. Ruizhong Rao. Discussion on Some Key Physical and Technical Problems About Lunar Laser Ranging[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(1): 0112002.