增益光纤中的热效应是限制高功率光纤激光器输出功率的重要因素之一。采用基于分布式温度传感的方法对光纤激光器增益光纤的温度进行测量，有助于对光纤激光器形成保护，并有望对热致模式不稳定(MI)等非线性效应的产生机理提供一种新的认知手段。介绍了目前国内外主要的分布式光纤传感技术，重点介绍了光频域反射法(OFDR)、布里渊光时域分析(BOTDA)、布里渊光频域分析(BOFDA)和布里渊相干域分析(BOCDA)等技术在光纤温度和应力测量方面的应用。最后分析了利用各种分布式传感方案实现高功率光纤激光器温度测量的可行性，为高功率光纤激光器的温度测量提供参考。

Thermal effect in gain fibers is one of the major factors limiting the output power of high power lasers. Measuring the temperature of gain fibers with the distributed temperature sensing method is beneficial to protecting fiber lasers, and may provide a new approach to understand the underlying mechanisms of the mode instability (MI) and other nonlinear effects occurring in fiber lasers. Major technologies on distributed optical fiber sensing are introduced, with more focus on the applications of technologies, such as optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA), Brillouin optical frequency domain analysis (BOFDA), and Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis (BOCDA), in the measurements of temperature and stress in fiber lasers. Finally, the feasibility of some distributed sensing schemes is analyzed, which provides references for temperature measurement in high power fiber lasers.