光束漂移和光斑扩展是激光在大气湍流中传输时的两个重要效应。利用CCD成像技术在烟台地区近海面、沙滩和公路三种下垫面环境进行了准直高斯光束传输实验，测量了光束漂移、光斑扩展和大气折射率结构常数等实验数据，在此基础上分析了不同下垫面环境下光束漂移和光斑扩展特性。结果表明：当大气折射率结构常数变化较小时，近海环境下光斑扩展和光束漂移的起伏幅度是三种下垫面环境中最大的，分别为0~1.5 cm和0~0.6 cm。沙滩环境下光斑扩展的实际测量值与理论预测值的相对误差最小，均在10%之内。公路环境下大气折射率结构常数较近海环境和沙滩环境高一个数量级，光束漂移和光斑扩展的变化趋势均与大气折射率结构常数的变化趋势一致。

Beam wander and beam spreading are two important effects for beam propagation in the atmospheric turbulence. Collimated Gaussian beam propagation experiments by means of CCD technique are conducted under the sea, the beach and the road surface environments in the region of Yantai. Beam wander, beam spreading and refractive index structure parameters are measured, and the characteristics of beam wander and beam spreading are analyzed based on measured data. The results show that the fluctuating amplitude of beam spreading and beam wander is the largest on the sea when the refractive index structure parameter changes a little. The fluctuating amplitude of them is 0~1.5 cm and 0~0.6 cm, respectively. The relative error of beam spreading on the beach surface is the least, and it is less than 10%. The refractive index structure parameter on the road can be one order larger than those on the sea and on the beach. The variation tendency of beam spreading and beam wander is the same as that of refractive index structure parameter.