近年来,如何消除量子通信中集体噪声的影响已成为一个亟待解决的问题。针对目前免疫集体噪声的量子密钥协商协议的量子比特效率偏低问题,分别提出了两个改进的免疫集体相位噪声和集体旋转噪声的量子密钥协商协议。这两个协议主要利用逻辑量子态、延迟测量技术、幺正操作和多粒子纠缠态的相关性,确保通信双方能够公平地建立一个共享密钥。协议的量子比特效率高达27.27%,有效改进了现有免疫集体噪声的量子密钥协商协议。

Recently, how to eliminate the influence of collective noise in quantum communication has become an urgent problem. To solve the problem of low qubit efficiency of the current quantum key agreement protocols under collective noise, we propose two improved quantum key agreement protocols immune to collective phase noise and collective rotation noise, respectively. These two protocols mainly make use of the correlation among logical quantum states, delay measurement technology, unitary operation, and multi-particle entangled states to ensure that the communication parties can fairly establish a shared key. The qubit efficiency of the protocols is up to 27.27%, which effectively improves the existing quantum key agreement protocols immune to collective noise.