生物组织的黏性和弹性在许多疾病发生和发展的过程中会发生改变，因此检测生物组织黏弹性对疾病诊疗具有重要意义。基于此，介绍了基于激光散斑技术的生物组织黏弹性测量方法。从弹性波调制下的激光散斑衬比变化，布朗运动下的光强自相关函数和低频交变应力作用下的散斑位移3个方面，分别介绍生物组织黏弹性激光散斑检测的理论基础和研究现状。

Viscosity and elasticity of biological tissues will change during onset and progression of many diseases. Viscoelasticity measurement of biological tissues plays an important role in diagnosis of diseases. We particularly review some basic principles and recent advances of viscoelasticity measurement based on laser speckle techniques from three aspects: difference of laser speckle contrast under elastic waves, optical intensity autocorrelation curve under Brownian motion, and laser speckle shift under low frequency oscillation stress.