中国激光, 2019, 46 (12): 1202004, 网络出版: 2019-12-02   

高速列车用6106-T6铝合金型材激光-电弧复合焊接工艺及接头性能 下载: 971次

Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Process and Joint Performances of 6106-T6 Aluminum Alloy Profiles for High Speed Trains
作者单位
1 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司, 山东 青岛 266111
2 跨尺度激光成型制造技术教育部重点实验室, 北京 100124
3 北京工业大学激光工程研究院, 北京 100124
摘要
采用光纤激光-冷金属过渡(CMT)焊、光纤激光-变极性钨极惰性气体保护(VPTIG)焊、光纤激光-熔化极惰性气体保护(MIG)焊三种复合焊接方法对带锁底结构的6106-T6铝合金型材进行焊接。采用优化后的焊接工艺参数,焊后得到了成形良好、无明显缺陷的复合焊接接头,研究了接头的显微组织、拉伸性能和疲劳性能,并分析了疲劳断裂机理及断口形貌。结果表明:激光-CMT和激光-VPTIG复合焊接接头中心由上至下等轴晶尺寸逐渐减小,激光-MIG复合焊接接头焊缝中心的晶粒较粗大,且上下部分等轴晶的尺寸变化不大;激光-CMT、激光-VPTIG、激光-MIG三种复合焊接接头的抗拉强度分别为213.0,198.0, 200.0 MPa,较母材均存在一定程度的强度损失,疲劳极限分别为105.00,100.83,113.50 MPa;疲劳断裂位置均在焊缝熔合线处的柱状晶区,断口均呈韧窝状,为典型的韧性断裂。
Abstract
The 6106-T6 aluminum alloy hollow extrusion profiles having a lock bottom structure were welded via fiber laser-cold metal transfer (CMT) arc hybrid welding, fiber laser-variable polarity tungsten inert gas (VPTIG) hybird welding, and fiber laser-melt inert gas (MIG) hybrid welding. Subsequently, a hybrid welding joint with good forming properties and without clear defects was obtained using optimized welding parameters. Furthermore, the joint microstructure, tensile, and fatigue properties were studied, and the fatigue fracture mechanism and fracture morphology were analyzed. The results denote that the sizes of equiaxed grains at the center of the laser-CMT and laser-VPTIG hybrid welding joints gradually decrease from the upper part of the bead to the bottom. However, the sizes of the coarse equiaxed grains in the upper and lower parts do not change considerably, and the sizes of grains at the center of the laser-MIG hybrid welding joint are large. Furthermore, the tensile strengths of the laser-CMT, laser-VPTIG, and laser-MIG hybrid welded joints are 213.0, 198.0, and 200.0 MPa, respectively. These values denote a certain degree of strength loss when compared with that of the base metal. The fatigue limits of the three hybrid welded joints are 105.00, 100.83, and 113.50 MPa, respectively. All the fatigue fracture positions are located in the columnar crystal zone at the fusion line of the welding joints. In addition, the fractures are dimpled, indicating a typical ductile fracture.

韩晓辉, 李帅贞, 毛镇东, 温鹏, 栗忠秀, 吴世凯. 高速列车用6106-T6铝合金型材激光-电弧复合焊接工艺及接头性能[J]. 中国激光, 2019, 46(12): 1202004. Xiaohui Han, Shuaizhen Li, Zhendong Mao, Peng Wen, Zhongxiu Li, Shikai Wu. Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding Process and Joint Performances of 6106-T6 Aluminum Alloy Profiles for High Speed Trains[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(12): 1202004.

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