甲烷对全球变暖的贡献率约为1/4，且能影响大气层中臭氧、水汽、羟基等成分的浓度，对甲烷垂直浓度反演具有重要意义，进行遥感探测敏感性分析及反演波长选择是甲烷反演的基础。基于风云三号E星上红外高光谱大气垂直探测仪（HIRAS）的特征，在红外大气辐射传输机理基础上，开展大气甲烷探测的正向模拟，进行探测敏感性分析与反演波长选择。首先基于高分辨透射率谱线库（HITRAN）分析CH₄的主要吸收窗口及主要干扰成分，然后基于大气廓线背景库以及HIRAS的仪器参数，通过RFM辐射传输模型，模拟1 200~1 400 cm^-1波段CH₄及其干扰要素（大气温度、地表温度、地表发射率、H₂O、N₂O、CO₂、F14、HNO₃和O₃ ）的探测敏感性。研究结果表明在1 200~1 400 cm^-1波段范围内，大气温度、地表温度、地表发射率、H₂O以及N₂O对甲烷探测的影响较大，具有强干扰性。最后采用基于Jacobian矩阵的信息熵原理，对CH₄探测波长进行初选，并结合探测敏感性分析结果，筛选出了1 200~1 400 cm^-1波长范围内88个CH4反演波长。这些波长具有信息量高的特点，对CH4探测更加敏感且更不受干扰成分的影响。AI语音播报 

Methane contributes about one quarter to global warming and can affect the concentration of ozone， water vapor， hydroxyl groups and other components in the atmosphere. The inversion of vertical methane concentration is of great significance， and the sensitivity analysis of remote sensing detection and the selection of inversion wavelength are the basis of methane inversion. In this paper， based on the characteristics of the infrared Hyperspectral Vertical Atmospheric Sounder （HIRAS） on the Fengyun-3E star， we carry out forward simulation of atmospheric methane detection on the basis of the infrared atmospheric radiative transfer mechanism， and conduct detection sensitivity analysis and inversion wavelength selection. Firstly， the main absorption window of CH₄ and the main interference components are analyzed based on the high-resolution transmittance spectral line library （HITRAN）， and then based on the atmospheric profile background library and the instrumental parameters of HIRAS， the 1 200~1 400 cm^-1 band CH₄ and its interference elements （atmospheric temperature， surface temperature， surface emissivity，H₂O，N₂O，CO₂， F14， HNO₃ and O₃） detection sensitivity. The results show that the atmospheric temperature， surface temperature， surface emissivity， H₂O， and N₂O have a strong interfering effect on the irradiance brightness as well as the brightness temperature in the 1 200~1 400 cm^-1 band range. Finally， the information entropy principle based on the Jacobian matrix is used for the initial selection of CH₄ detection wavelengths， and combined with the results of detection sensitivity analysis， the selection of CH₄ inversion wavelengths for HIRAS detection is completed.