The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS) is commonly used for its high speed and precision in adaptive optics. However, its performance is limited in low light conditions, particularly when observing faint objects in astronomical applications. Instead of a pixelated detector, we present a new approach for wavefront sensing using a single-pixel detector, which is able to code the spatial position of a light spot array into the polarization dimension and decode the polarization state in the polar coordinate. We propose validation experiments with simple and complex wavefront distortions to demonstrate our approach as a promising alternative to traditional SHWFS systems, with potential applications in a wide range of fields.

LD泵浦掺镱光纤激光器具有低成本、高效率、高光束质量等优点，在工业、科研、**等领域有着广泛的应用。在大部分实际应用中，由功率和光束质量决定的亮度是影响光纤激光器实际作用性能的核心指标。受到非线性效应（尤其是受激拉曼散射）和模式不稳定效应的限制，当前高亮度掺镱光纤激光器输出功率提升遭遇了明显的技术瓶颈。为了抑制非线性效应和模式不稳定效应，在传统方法的基础上，提出了变纤芯直径光纤和优化泵浦波长等成体系的方法以提升光纤激光器的输出功率；为了有效提高对光纤激光器的设计研发能力，提出并开发了具有自主知识产权的光纤激光仿真软件SeeFiberLaser。首先，介绍了影响宽谱高功率掺镱光纤激光器亮度提升的主要限制因素，给出了各个限制因素的抑制方法；其次，利用自研光纤激光仿真软件SeeFiberLaser对提升光纤激光器功率的方法进行优化设计，并对工业常用的振荡器和高亮度光纤激光放大器进行仿真优化；然后，介绍课题组采用后向泵浦、变纤芯直径光纤和优化泵浦波长等方法提升激光功率，实现的6~10 kW高亮度功率光纤激光器；最后，对更高亮度光纤激光器的技术方案进行讨论和展望，提出了无源器件集成化、增益传能光纤一体化等思路，提出了基于变纤芯直径增益传能一体化光纤和集成化无源器件的新型高功率近单模光纤激光器技术方案。