The emergent two-dimensional (2D) material, tin diselenide (SnSe₂), has garnered significant consideration for its potential in image capturing systems, optical communication, and optoelectronic memory. Nevertheless, SnSe₂-based photodetection faces obstacles, including slow response speed and low normalized detectivity. In this work, photodetectors based on SnS/SnSe₂ and SnSe/SnSe₂ p?n heterostructures have been implemented through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)?assisted transfer method. These photodetectors demonstrate broad-spectrum photoresponse within the 405 to 850 nm wavelength range. The photodetector based on the SnS/SnSe₂ heterostructure exhibits a significant responsivity of 4.99 × 10³ A?W^?1, normalized detectivity of 5.80 × 10¹² cm?Hz^1/2?W^?1, and fast response time of 3.13 ms, respectively, owing to the built-in electric field. Meanwhile, the highest values of responsivity, normalized detectivity, and response time for the photodetector based on the SnSe/SnSe₂ heterostructure are 5.91 × 10³ A?W^?1, 7.03 × 10¹² cm?Hz^1/2?W^?1, and 4.74 ms, respectively. And their photodetection performances transcend those of photodetectors based on individual SnSe₂, SnS, SnSe, and other commonly used 2D materials. Our work has demonstrated an effective strategy to improve the performance of SnSe₂-based photodetectors and paves the way for their future commercialization.

针对具有精密旋转轴系类的高端制造装备或精密测量仪器，其旋转角度采用传统圆光栅难以消除偏心误差对测量角度精度的影响，提出了一种基于二维混合式位置编码的旋转角度高精度测量方法。该测角系统由一个二维混合式位置编码盘、两个CCD相机和远心镜头组成，二维混合式位置编码盘被固定在精密旋转轴系上以获得其旋转角度。然后，建立了测角模型并从数学上证明了测角精度与安装偏心无关。利用多齿分度台对已提出测角系统精度进行检测，测量角度误差在±1″。最后，利用已提出测量方法对直驱转台的角度定位精度进行测量，角度定位误差在±5″内。与传统圆光栅测角相比，该方法不需要考虑安装偏心误差对测角精度的影响，具有稳定性好、使用简单等特点，可用于角度定位误差的检测。

为了同时确定监测结构的位移大小和方向，提出了一种基于光纤光栅组合的大量程、结构简单的机械传感装置。该传感装置以U型不锈钢结构组合光纤光栅为核心传感单元，以杠杆杆件来传递位移，测点位移大小和方向可以通过杠杆杆件两侧的U型不锈钢结构上的光纤光栅波长漂移计算得出。开展了传感装置6组辅助结构（核心传感单元）的标定试验，结果表明所有传感单元均具有较高的线性度，测量范围为0~140 mm，灵敏度为4.362 pm/mm，迟滞性误差为3.25%，重复性误差为6.62%。将传感装置用于室内堆积体边坡模型试验中，研究它们在土体连续滑动变形过程中的监测性能，并与粒子图像测速技术测量的土体位移变化进行比较，两种技术数据上呈现出较好的一致性、吻合度较高，表明所研发的光纤光栅矢量位移测量传感装置能够准确捕获坡面矢量变形，在智能监控领域有广阔的应用前景。

二维有机?无机钙钛矿材料因具有优良的发光性能被广泛研究，在X/γ/中子射线探测和成像方面有较好的应用前景，其闪烁性能甚至超过了商用闪烁体。本文从射线与物质相互作用原理和二维有机?无机钙钛矿材料的基本发光性质出发，介绍了二维钙钛矿闪烁体相比传统闪烁体的发光优势，综述了其在射线探测领域的最新成果。最后，提出了目前面对的技术挑战和潜在解决方案，并对二维有机?无机钙钛矿闪烁体的未来发展趋势进行了展望。