Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a noninvasive emerging imaging method based on the photoacoustic effect, which provides necessary assistance for medical diagnosis. It has the characteristics of large imaging depth and high contrast. However, limited by the equipment cost and reconstruction time requirements, the existing PAI systems distributed with annular array transducers are difficult to take into account both the image quality and the imaging speed. In this paper, a triple-path feature transform network (TFT-Net) for ring-array photoacoustic tomography is proposed to enhance the imaging quality from limited-view and sparse measurement data. Specifically, the network combines the raw photoacoustic pressure signals and conventional linear reconstruction images as input data, and takes the photoacoustic physical model as a prior information to guide the reconstruction process. In addition, to enhance the ability of extracting signal features, the residual block and squeeze and excitation block are introduced into the TFT-Net. For further efficient reconstruction, the final output of photoacoustic signals uses ‘filter-then-upsample’ operation with a pixel-shuffle multiplexer and a max out module. Experiment results on simulated and in-vivo data demonstrate that the constructed TFT-Net can restore the target boundary clearly, reduce background noise, and realize fast and high-quality photoacoustic image reconstruction of limited view with sparse sampling.

中子扩散方程高阶谐波可用于重构堆芯中子注量率分布，但传统源迭代与源修正迭代法求解时的收敛速度慢，计算耗时长。采用隐式重启Arnoldi方法（Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Method，IRAM）求解本征值问题的中子扩散方程获得谐波数据，通过本征正交分解（Proper Orthogonal Decomposition，POD）与伽辽金（Galerkin）投影相结合的方法构建POD-Galerkin低阶模型，并重构二维稳态TWIGL基准题中子注量率分布。研究结果表明：IRAM方法在求解中子扩散方程的高阶本征值和谐波问题上具有较高的精度；基于POD-Galerkin低阶模型重构中子注量率分布具有较高的保真性与计算效率，有效增值系数与参考解的误差为8.7×10^-5，对角线上快群和热群中子注量率最大相对误差为2.56%，且低阶模型计算用时仅为全阶模型的10.18%。本研究为堆芯中子注量率重构提供了一种可靠且高效的方法，该方法不仅可用于重构稳态时堆芯中子注量率分布，还具有在瞬态情况下预测中子注量率分布的潜力，有望在未来的应用中进一步拓展。

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) achieves super-resolution (SR) by modulating the high-frequency information of the sample into the passband of the optical system and subsequent image reconstruction. The traditional Wiener-filtering-based reconstruction algorithm operates in the Fourier domain, it requires prior knowledge of the sinusoidal illumination patterns which makes the time-consuming procedure of parameter estimation to raw datasets necessary, besides, the parameter estimation is sensitive to noise or aberration-induced pattern distortion which leads to reconstruction artifacts. Here, we propose a spatial-domain image reconstruction method that does not require parameter estimation but calculates patterns from raw datasets, and a reconstructed image can be obtained just by calculating the spatial covariance of differential calculated patterns and differential filtered datasets (the notch filtering operation is performed to the raw datasets for attenuating and compensating the optical transfer function (OTF)). Experiments on reconstructing raw datasets including nonbiological, biological, and simulated samples demonstrate that our method has SR capability, high reconstruction speed, and high robustness to aberration and noise.

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a popular and powerful super-resolution (SR) technique in biomedical research. However, the conventional reconstruction algorithm for SIM heavily relies on the accurate prior knowledge of illumination patterns and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of raw images. To obtain high-quality SR images, several raw images need to be captured under high fluorescence level, which further restricts SIM’s temporal resolution and its applications. Deep learning (DL) is a data-driven technology that has been used to expand the limits of optical microscopy. In this study, we propose a deep neural network based on multi-level wavelet and attention mechanism (MWAM) for SIM. Our results show that the MWAM network can extract high-frequency information contained in SIM raw images and accurately integrate it into the output image, resulting in superior SR images compared to those generated using wide-field images as input data. We also demonstrate that the number of SIM raw images can be reduced to three, with one image in each illumination orientation, to achieve the optimal tradeoff between temporal and spatial resolution. Furthermore, our MWAM network exhibits superior reconstruction ability on low-SNR images compared to conventional SIM algorithms. We have also analyzed the adaptability of this network on other biological samples and successfully applied the pretrained model to other SIM systems.

为探究成像参数对大深度物体聚焦形貌恢复精度的影响规律，明确实际应用中聚焦形貌恢复重建精度不满足要求时成像系统的改进措施，在构建聚焦形貌恢复三维重建精度评价指标的基础上，利用正交实验确定成像参数对聚焦形貌恢复精度影响的主次顺序，重点分析主要和次主要参数对重建精度的影响规律，并揭示最佳成像参数随多聚焦图像采样间距的变化关系。考虑到成像参数的变化实际通过改变系统景深影响聚焦形貌恢复精度，建立了多聚焦图像采样间距与最佳景深之间的经验公式，为系统成像参数的设定提供了理论依据。实验结果表明：焦距和F数是聚焦形貌恢复的主要和次主要影响参数，在给定多聚焦图像采样间距下存在使重建精度最高的最佳焦距和最佳F数，且随着采样间距减小，最佳焦距增大，最佳F数减小；多聚焦图像采样间距与最佳景深之间的经验公式拟合准确率为97.28%，验证准确率为94.76%，可用于最佳景深的计算；采用最佳景深能够显著提升聚焦形貌恢复精度，为大深度物体聚焦形貌恢复精度的提升提供了新途径。

针对相对平行直线扫描CT（PTCT）图像重建存在的有限角伪影问题，提出一种学习局部和非局部正则项的深度迭代展开方法。该方法将具有固定迭代次数的梯度下降算法迭代展开到神经网络，利用具有坐标注意力（CA）机制的卷积模块和Swin-Transformer模块作为迭代模块交替级联部署，构成端到端的深度重建网络。卷积模块学习局部正则化，其中CA用于减少图像过平滑；Swin-Transformer模块学习非局部正则化，提高网络对图像细节的恢复能力；在相邻模块间，使用迭代连接（IC）增强模型提取深层特征的能力，提高每次迭代的效率。通过消融实验验证了网络各部分的有效性，并在两种类型的数据集上进行实验，结果证明了本文方法的效果。实验结果表明，本文方法在抑制PTCT重建图像有限角伪影的同时，能较好地保留重建图像细节，提高重建图像质量。

提出一种基于盲源分离（BSS）从多角度投影提取出任意深度聚焦层的数字乳腺层析合成摄影（DBT）重建算法。首先，通过DBT成像设备采集乳腺的多角度投影，并对投影进行校正、对数变换等预处理工作；然后以中心投影为基准，根据成像几何将多角度投影通过位移聚焦到所选的重建深度z处；最后，将位移后的多角度投影视为由一个聚焦层内信息和若干层外信息构成的线性组合，进而通过BSS将聚焦层信息分离出来，由此快速重建出乳腺厚度范围内任意深度z处的层面。以中心投影为参考，将位移叠加（SAA）法、滤波反投影（FBP）法、最大似然期望最大化（MLEM）3种当前DBT重建的主要算法与所提重建算法进行比较，4种算法对原投影的噪声污染的改善程度分别为13.4%、18.8%、88.5%、73.6%，图像对比度分别下降83.7%、81.4%、74.6%、10.7%，与中心投影的特征相似性分别为0.841、0.866、0.861、0.886，结构相似性分别为0.596、0.594、0.628、0.787，伪影扩散平均值分别为0.571、0.254、0.189、0.146。此外所提算法的重建速度小于SAA、FBP，但比采用2次迭代的MLEM高56.0%，因此所提算法在降低噪声、保持细节、抑制伪影、重建速度方面的综合性能优秀，且随着BSS技术和计算机硬件水平的快速发展而不断提高其分离重建性能，因此所提算法是一种实用性强、极具发展潜力的DBT重建算法。