光栅外腔半导体激光器在冷原子精密操控等领域具有重要的应用价值。根据87Rb冷原子干涉仪干涉过程的应用需求, 利用光学锁相环技术, 重点开展了自制体布拉格光栅100 kHz外腔种子源的调谐和拍频锁频特性实验研究。进行了电流和温度调谐实验, 种子源输出激光频率的电流调谐系数和温度调谐系数分别为400 MHz/mA和16 GHz/℃; 实现了自制种子源激光频率的拍频锁定, 锁定后种子源的激光频率变化小于500 kHz(峰峰值, 10 s), 12 h功率稳定性优于0.1%(rms), 可满足87Rb冷原子干涉仪各物理过程, 特别是干涉过程的应用需求。

采用反射式体布拉格光栅（VBG）实现半导体激光锁频是激光技术应用中的关键技术之一，进一步压窄半导体激光的输出光谱线宽、提高外腔效率是研究重点。采用微通道水冷半导体激光模块，利用衍射效率为18%的VBG构建激光外腔，分析了前端面反射率分别为0.02%、0.20%、0.40%时的输出光谱与外腔效率。研究结果表明，半导体激光前端面反射率的降低能够进一步优化半导体激光器的输出光谱，提高外腔效率，压窄输出光谱线宽，实现大驱动电流范围的激光锁频。对于前端面反射率为0.02%的半导体激光器，激光输出中心波长锁定在779.8 nm处，光谱线宽压缩至0.08 nm，温漂系数为6.25 pm·℃^-1，电流漂移系数为0.9 pm·A^-1，外腔效率达到106%，连续输出功率达到127 W。

采用超极化惰性气体的磁共振成像技术可大大提高肺部影像成像质量，其中自旋交换光泵作为超极化惰性气体的关键，通常是对碱金属铷进行泵浦，为获得较好的泵浦效率，要求泵浦源具有窄光谱宽度和高功率的特点。针对这一需求，提出以体布拉格光栅（VBG）作为外腔反馈元件的795 nm窄谱宽外腔半导体激光器设计，并对VBG的外腔锁模稳定性进行了分析讨论，最终实现了功率为6.36 W，谱宽低至0.036 nm 的795.245 nm单管外腔激光输出，为实现大功率的单管外腔半导体激光器奠定基础。

由于有色金属对蓝光激光光源具有良好的吸收效率，因此蓝光半导体激光器逐步成为研究热点。针对激光加工纯铜、纯金、高强铝等高反射金属材料的市场需求，采用体布拉格光栅作为外腔反馈元件，压窄激光线宽，稳定激光波长，并基于空间合束技术将6片单管蓝光激光芯片聚焦耦合进芯径为105 μm、数值孔径为0.22的光纤中，研制出窄线宽蓝光半导体激光光纤耦合模块。当工作电流为3 A时，该激光模块的输出功率为26.32 W，稳定输出波长为444.29 nm，光谱线宽被压至0.18 nm。

In this paper, a fiber grating demodulation system based on two transmission volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) was proposed. In order to resolve the problem that the spectral resolution of the present fiber grating demodulation system is not high enough, the two transmission VBGs were applied to improve the spectral resolution and reduce the volume of the spectrometer. The diffraction characteristics of the transmission VBGs were analyzed, and the optical path of the two transmission VBGs demodulation system was designed based on the diffraction characteristics. The grating constant, lens parameters, and aberration correction of the system were analyzed and calculated. The calculation showed that the theoretical wavelength range of the demodulation system was from 1 525 nm to 1 565 nm and the theoretical optical resolution was 60 pm when the grating constant was 0.916 8, the angle between two transmission VBGs was 89°, the focal length of the collimator was 60 mm, and the focal length of the imaging lens was 131.5 mm. The aberration of the system was well corrected by using a lens as the collimator and a reflector as the imaging lens. The system principle prototype was assembled and calibrated, and its performances were experimentally investigated. The results showed that the spectrometer worked stably, with a wavelength range from 1 525 nm to 1 565 nm, an optical wavelength resolution of 65.3 pm, and a high demodulation speed of 10 kHz.

为解决机载远程单光子测距激光器热稳定性差、受背景光噪声影响大的问题，提出了一种适用于机载环境的小型化、窄线宽、低能耗激光器设计方案。激光器采取主振荡功率放大构型。种子源激光器使用反射式体布拉格光栅作为耦合输出镜，在重复频率为10 kHz条件下，获得线宽为0.035 nm激光输出，光束质量为Mx2=1.303，My2=1.271，光光转换效率为44.4%；放大器选用innoslab构型放大激光能量，可以有效缓解热问题、提升光束质量。为此，采用蒙特卡罗方法建立单光子测距回波信号模型，验证了提高激光器性能可以降低激光抖动对精度的影响，同时较窄的线宽输出可以采用相匹配的窄带滤光片来减少背景噪声干扰，从而提高测距精度。