The Mie-Rayleigh direct detection Doppler lidar (DDDL) with two double-edge etalons is presented. Fabry-Perot (F-P) etalon is used as the spectral analyzer for Doppler measurement formthe aerosol and molecule backscattered signals. The aerosol and molecular backscattering signals are separated by a polarization isolator with less signal decrement, so this system has about same accuracy as individual Rayleigh Doppler lidar or Mie Doppler lidar system. The simulation on a proposed ground-based DDDL at 532 nm shows that the velocity error is less than 2 m/s below 8 km for a 100 m vertical resolution by Mie channel and 2m/s up to 20 km by Rayleigh channel, respectively.