为提高AlSi10Mg合金激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting, SLM)成形致密度, 利用田口方法对影响致密度的主要因子(激光功率、扫描速度和扫描间距)进行优化研究, 结合孔隙形成原因和金相形貌, 从能量输入的角度分析各个因子对致密度的影响规律。引入能量密度模型, 综合表征能量输入与致密度之间的作用关系。结果表明, 三个因子对铝合金SLM成形致密度均有显著地影响, 足够的能量密度输入是AlSi10Mg合金SLM成形接近全致密的必要条件, 能量密度在4.0~6.0 J/mm2范围内时, 致密度可达98%以上。

To improve the density of AlSi10Mg parts manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM), an experimental investigation had been carried out to optimization research the main factor (laser power, scanning speed and hatch spacing) affecting the density with Taguchi method. Combining with the pore formation and microstructure morphology, this paper studied the effect of various factors on density mechanism from the point of the energy input. An energy density model was introduced to comprehensively evaluate the correlation between the energy input and the relative density. The results show that three factors have significant effect on the relative density of aluminum SLM forming. Sufficient energy density input is the necessary condition for nearly full dense AlSi10Mg alloy. When the energy density is in the range of 4.0~6.0 J/mm2, the density can reach above 98%.