Photonics Research, 2017, 5 (2): 02000057, Published Online: Oct. 10, 2018  

General coupled-mode analysis of a geometrically symmetric waveguide array with nonuniform gain and loss Download: 1033次

Author Affiliations
1 College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
2 School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
3 Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Abstract
The exceptional point (EP) is one of the typical properties of parity–time-symmetric systems, arising from modes coupling with identical resonant frequencies or propagation constants in optics. Here we show that in addition to two different modes coupling, a nonuniform distribution of gain and loss leads to an offset from the original propagation constants, including both real and imaginary parts, resulting in the absence of EP. These behaviors are examined by the general coupled-mode theory from the first principle of the Maxwell equations, which yields results that are more accurate than those from the classical coupled-mode theory. Numerical verification via the finite element method is provided. In the end, we present an approach to achieve lossless propagation in a geometrically symmetric waveguide array.

Zhen-Zhen Liu, Qiang Zhang, Yuntian Chen, Jun-Jun Xiao. General coupled-mode analysis of a geometrically symmetric waveguide array with nonuniform gain and loss[J]. Photonics Research, 2017, 5(2): 02000057.

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