提出了一种新型的采用多纵模激光器作为发射光源的大气气溶胶遥感高光谱分辨率激光雷达(HSRL)技术。该技术将视场展宽迈克耳孙干涉仪(FWMI)作为光谱鉴频器，并在设计FWMI时使其周期鉴频特性与多纵模激光器的模式间隔相匹配，因而每个纵模的回波信号可被FWMI鉴频器进行效果一致的精细光谱分离。详细阐明了所提出的多纵模HSRL的原理和实现方式，定量讨论了制约多纵模HSRL中FWMI鉴频性能的主要因素。在1064 nm波段采用计算机仿真验证了所提技术的性能。多纵模HSRL技术可避免目前HSRL对单纵模激光器的依赖，既能减小HSRL中激光器的成本、体积和重量，又可以大幅提升了HSRL激光系统的稳定性，对我国机载和星载HSRL的研制具有一定的借鉴意义。

A novel high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) technique for atmospheric aerosol remote sensing, which uses multi-longitudinal-mode laser as the transmitting light source, is proposed. A field-widened Michelson interferometer (FWMI) is used as the spectral discriminator, and the periodic frequency discrimination characteristic in the process of FWMI designing should match with the mode interval of multi-longitudinal-mode laser to ensure consistent fine spectral discrimination for the return signal from each longitudinal mode laser. The principle and the realization way of the proposed multi-longitudinal-mode HSRL are illustrated in detail and the main factors which constrain the frequency discrimination characteristic of the FWMI in multi-longitudinal-mode HSRL are discussed quantitatively. The performance of the proposed technique is verified further at the wavelength of 1064 nm by computer simulation. The multi-longitudinal-mode HSRL technique can avoid the dependence of the current HSRLs on the single multi-longitudinal-mode lasers remarkably. The proposed technique can not only decrease the cost, volume and weight of the laser in HSRL, but also improve its stability notably, which is of great significance for airborne and satellite-borne HSRL development in our country.