为了满足空间碎片探测与精确定轨的需求, 采用光子计数的高灵敏激光探测方法, 讨论了盖革模式下雪崩二极管探测器的光子计数探测基本原理, 并建立了引入探测器与空间碎片的相对径向速度的天基光子计数探测模型, 进行了空间碎片光子计数激光探测的理论分析和仿真验证。结果表明, 在可探测速度范围内, 光子计数激光探测技术能有效探测到尺寸为10cm的空间碎片目标, 测距平均误差为34.72cm。与传统地基雷达和光电探测手段相比, 此技术测距精度能提高3个数量级, 可有效降低航天器与空间目标碰撞的概率。

In order to meet the demands of space debris detection and precise orbit determination, by using high sensitive laser detection method with photon counting and the principle of photon counting detection of avalanche detector based on Geiger mode, space-based photon counting detection model was established on the relative radial velocity of detector and space debris. After theoretical analysis and simulation verification of photon counting laser detection of space debris, the results show that photon counting laser detection can effectively detect space debris(size of 10cm) and the average ranging error is 34.72cm. Its ranging accuracy could be improved 3 orders of magnitude compared with world traditional ground-based radar and photon-electronic technology. It can effectively reduce collision probability of spacecraft.