应用激光, 2017, 37 (2): 199, 网络出版: 2017-06-08   

基于选区激光熔化成型生物医用Ti-6Al-4V合金的工艺与性能研究

Study on the Process and Properties of Biomedical Ti-6Al-4V Alloy based on Selective Laser Melting
作者单位
北京工业大学 北京市数字化医疗3D打印工程技术研究中心 激光工程研究院, 北京 100124
摘要
Ti-6Al-4V合金具有强度高、抗蚀性优异、生物相容性好等优点, 常用于制造医用多孔的植入体材料, 但对多孔材料结构的成型工艺有一定的约束。基于选区激光熔化成型技术(Selective Laser Melting, SLM), 结合自行设计的拓扑优化多孔网格结构, 按照拓扑优化的结果重新建模成单元结构, 进行了3组特殊结构(螺旋结构、拱形桥结构、薄壁件与小孔)的制造实验, 并且分析对比了热处理前后SLM制造的Ti-6Al-4V合金的显微组织和拉伸性能。研究结果表明, SLM成型的三种螺旋结构中, 除30°螺旋结构以外, 其他两种都能够完整成形, 满足拓扑单元结构成形角度(≥45°)的制造, 30°螺旋结构通过在迎向刮刀锐角面下加少量支撑也能成形; 拱形桥实验中, 能够完整成型不发生塌陷的最大拱桥尺寸为φ=8 mm, 推导出最大的可悬垂长度为0.70 mm, 满足拓扑单元结构最大拱桥尺寸(8 mm)要求; 壁厚为0.10 mm的薄壁结构由于激光光斑尺寸的约束, 成形尺寸增大了0.05 mm, 可能会造成1 mm边长尺寸成单元拓扑结构孔隙率的减小; 小孔实验成形最小孔径为0.10 mm, 满足多孔拓扑优化结构最小孔制作要求; SLM制造直接态和热处理态Ti-6Al-4V合金试样基本的力学性能均能达到ISO制定力学性能标准, 且超过铸造态的水平, 但延展性能仍不及锻件。热处理态比直接态的延展性好, 直接态组织为针状的α′相马氏体组织; 当热处理温度达到750 ℃时, α′相会开始发生扩散分解, 从而在相界面析出白色的β相小颗粒。
Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V alloy has the advantages of high strength, good corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. It is commonly used in the manufacture of porous implant materials, but it has certain restrictions on the forming process of the porous structure. This paper based on forming technology of selective laser melting(SLM), combined with the self-designed topology to optimize the structure of porous mesh, according to the topology optimization results remodeling of the unit structure, three groups of special structure(helical structure, arched bridge structure, thin wall parts and small holes)experiments, analysis and comparison of the microstructure and tensile properties of SLM fabrication Ti-6Al-4V alloy before and after heat treatment. The results show that three kinds of helical structure of SLM molding, in addition to 30 degree spiral structure, the other two are able to complete, which satisfied topological unit structure forming angle(≥45°), 30 degree spiral structure can be completed by a small amount of support in the face under scraper. In the arch bridge experiments, can complete the molding of maximum size of arch bridge collapse is φ8 mm, derived the largest suspension length is 0.70 mm, maximum size of arch bridge structure meet the topological unit(8 mm). The wall thickness of 0.10 mm thin wall structure due to laser spot size constraints, its forming size increases 0.05 mm, reduce the porosity of the unit topology of 1mm length size. In the hole forming experiment, minimum diameter is 0.1 mm, meet the optimum production requirements of porous topology minimum holes. The basic mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples made by SML direct manufactures state and heat treated state could reach the ISO standards and exceed the casting state, but still not as the forging state in ductility. The heat treatment state had a better ductility than that of the direct state, and the direct state have an acicular α′ phase martensitic microstructure. When the temperature reached 750 ℃, a α′ phase began to diffuse and decompose, so that white β phase particles were precipitated at the phase boundary.

徐仰立, 张冬云, 曹玄扬, 周岩. 基于选区激光熔化成型生物医用Ti-6Al-4V合金的工艺与性能研究[J]. 应用激光, 2017, 37(2): 199. Xu Yangli, Zhang Dongyun, Cao Xuanyang, Zhou Yan. Study on the Process and Properties of Biomedical Ti-6Al-4V Alloy based on Selective Laser Melting[J]. APPLIED LASER, 2017, 37(2): 199.

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