新型功能性纳米材料在设计和制备技术方面的进步为纳米医学的发展提供了很大的机遇。在过去十年中, 介孔碳纳米材料在制备和应用方面获得了巨大的进步。作为一种新型无机材料体系, 介孔碳纳米材料结合了介孔的结构以及碳质组成的特点, 显示出不同于传统介孔二氧化硅以及其它一些碳基材料体系(碳纳米管、石墨烯、富勒烯等)的优越特性。介孔碳纳米材料在药物的吸附与控释、光热治疗、协同治疗、肿瘤细胞的荧光标记、催化、生物传感、生物大分子的分离等诸多领域表现出其他多孔材料难以达到的优越性和应用潜力。本文对介孔碳纳米材料的制备和修饰技术进行介绍, 重点关注介孔碳纳米颗粒在药物负载和光热控释方面的应用, 最后对介孔碳纳米材料在生物医学领域的应用前景和所面临的关键问题进行讨论。

The advances in functional nanomaterials offer great opportunities for the development of nanomedicine. In the last decade we have seen great progress in the synthesis and application of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials. As a new inorganic material, mesoporous carbon nanomaterials integrate the advantages of a mesoporous structure and carbonaceous composition, and have shown superior properties compared with traditional mesoporous silica and other carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotube, graphene, and fullerene. Mesoporous carbon nanomaterials have shown great promise in the fields including drug delivery and controlled release, photothermal therapy, synergistic therapy, cell-staining, catalysis, biosensor, and macromolecular separation. This review summarizes the primary techniques for preparing and modifying mesoporous carbon nanomaterials, with special emphasis on the applications of these materials in drug delivery and on-demand photothermal-triggered drug release. Finally, we present the challenges and opportunities in the development and clinical translations of this kind of nanomaterials.