激光诱导击穿光谱技术是一种新的材料识别及定量分析技术。但是光谱的重复性低限制其由定性分析向定量分析的发展。因此提高激光诱导等离子光谱信号信噪比及等离子体的空间稳定性对于提高光谱信号的可重复性、降低基体效应等不利因素影响有着积极的作用。同时光谱信号信噪比的增强可降低对激光器输出能量的要求，有效降低了激光诱导击穿光谱集成系统的成本，有利于此技术向更多领域拓展。本文对实验中采用的双脉冲或多脉冲增强，放电脉冲再激发，空间限域，磁场束缚和微波辅助增强四大类方法加以总结及概括。在此基础上深入探讨光谱增强的物理机制，从而为进一步提高光谱信号稳定性及定量化分析的精确度提供有力的理论支持。

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is a new material identification and quantitative analysis technique, and the low repeatability of the emission spectrum is a key factor in influencing and hindering technology transition from qualitative analysis to quantitative analysis. Therefore, improving the single-to-noise ratio(SNR) and the space stability of plasma are a positive way to improve the spectral repeatability and reduce matrix effect and other unfavorable factors. In addition, SNR enhancement can reduce the requirement of laser output energy, thus effectively reducing the cost of the system based on LIBS, and furthermore facilitating the expansion of LIBS technology to more areas. In this paper, double-pulse and multiple-pulse enhancement, discharge pulse re-excitation, spatial confinement, magnetic field confinement and microwave assisted enhancement are summarized and concluded. Accordingly, the physical mechanism of the spectral enhancement is deeply discussed, which provides strong theoretical basis for further improving of the spectral repeatability and the accuracy of quantitative analysis.