等离子体共振传感技术是当今实用化最强、最有可能实现单分子检测的生物医学检测技术之一。高灵敏度的等离子体共振传感技术与细如发丝的光纤载体相结合，为现代生物传感研究提供了一种可实现在体原位检测的全新方法。系统介绍了基于光纤光栅的等离子体共振生物医学传感机理与关键技术，通过能量汇聚的表面共振场实现了10-6~10-8 RIU的超高精度折射率测量，为生物医学提供了超低检出限（pM~fM量级）、特异性及原位实时检测新方法。此外，此类传感器还可提供绝对式/相对式多参量同时检测手段，能有效消除环境干扰影响，确保传感器的稳定性和可靠性。最后，回顾了近些年等离子体共振光纤光栅生物医学传感领域取得的研究进展（包括蛋白、血糖、微生物、气体等样本原位检测），并进行总结和展望。

Plasmonics is one of the most powerful technology for biomedical detection which may realize single molecule detection. The combination of high sensitive plasmonic technology and flexible fiber-optic sensors opens up a multitude of opportunities for cost-effective and relatively simple-to-implement bio-sample detection. The miniaturized size and remote operation ability offer them a multitude of opportunities for single-point sensing in hard-to-reach spaces, even possibly in vivo. We briefly review the principle of fiber grating based plasmonic biosensors, and the key properties to achieve unprecedented sensitivities (10-6-10-8 RIU) and limits of detection (pM-fM). Meanwhile, we also demonstrate such sensors provide very controllable cross-sensitivities, absolute and relative measurements of various parameters, and their self-calibration ability to the environmental cross-talk (especially to the temperature fluctuations). Finally, we briefly review the recent developments of the surface and localized affinity studies of the biomolecules for real life problems, the electrochemical actives of electroactive biofilms for clean energy resources and the ultra-highly sensitive sensing in gas.