光纤布拉格光栅具有体积小、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、传感灵敏度高、可实现准分布式测量等优点, 是一种重要的光纤传感器件。传统紫外激光制备光纤布拉格光栅时需要对光纤进行载氢预处理, 这种方法制备的光纤光栅热稳定较差, 无法用于极端高温环境。近年来, 随着飞秒激光在玻璃材料微加工领域研究的深入, 研究人员开始将飞秒激光应用于光纤光栅的研制, 飞秒激光制备光纤光栅具有更好的加工灵活性, 无需对光纤进行载氢预处理, 也无需剥除光纤涂覆层, 而且飞秒光纤光栅具有极佳的高温稳定性。介绍了光纤光栅的飞秒激光加工机理, 以及三种典型的光纤光栅飞秒激光制备方法, 综述了飞秒光纤布拉格光栅在高温传感领域的研究进展。

Fiber Bragg grating is an important optical fiber sensor, which has the advantages of small size, corrosion resistance, anti-electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity and quasi-distributed measurement. Traditional fiber Bragg gratings fabricated by ultraviolet laser usually require hydrogen loading to the fiber and their poor thermal stability restricts the use in extremely high temperature environment. In recent years, with the research development in the field of femtosecond laser micromachining of glass, researchers begin to use femtosecond laser to fabricate fiber gratings. Fiber grating inscription by femtosecond laser shows good machining flexibility, no requirement of hydrogen loading and polymer coating stripping, and more importantly, femtosecond laser inscribed fiber grating shows excellent high temperature stability. The machining mechanism of femtosecond laser inscription for fiber grating and three typical optical fiber Bragg grating femtosecond laser preparation methods are introduced. At last, the research progress of high temperature sensors based on femtosecond laser induced fiber Bragg gratings is reviewed.